Astronaut´s Survival Techniques: Getting Back to Earth on a Life Boat

The ground controllers had some major problems to solve. They had to write and test new procedures to send up to the crew for a safe arrival home. A new navigation problem had to be solved to provide the crew with a speedy return. Water was also a main concern. The crew was estimated to run out of water in about five hours. But tests on previous Apollo missions found that the ship could run without water for about seven hours. The astronauts began to conserve water by cutting the amount they drank to six ounces each day. The crew began to get dehydrated and they

“In the Unlikely Event of a Water Landing” If you witness a crime, find yourself in danger or someone is in need of some kind of help, you should take initiative to help or call for help. A crime scene, someone in need of some serous help but the help never gets there. In her chapter “In the Unlikely Event of a Water Landing,” from the book Opening Skinner’s Box, Lauren Slater states, “People, the witnesses, those who flicked on their lights, could both hear and see. They did nothing.

At this point, there was enough oxygen in the second system to get the astronauts home safely, but Lovell, one of the astronauts, noticed that the psi (pounds per square inch) level on the pressure gauge for the second system was falling as well. It should normally register at 860, now it was only a 300, only 53 minutes after the initial explosion. At this pace, the spacecraft would expend all of its oxygen and electricity between midnight and 3 AM. This was not giving the Control Center a lot of time.

Succumbing to hunger and thirst on the fifth day, they killed the dog for nourishment. Two of the crewmen died on the sixth day. On the seventh, the remaining crew reached land.

ABSTRACT Recently there has an increase in developing a new line of preserves that instantly inflates when a seal is ruptured and two chemicals are allowed to fuse together. Applicants need to formulate and test a formula that gives the volume of the life preserver that would produce the minimum weight of sodium bicarbonate. Also, that when mixed with an excess of 1.0M HCl, it would inflate the life preserver to the pressure of 1300 torr using the following equation, NaHCO3 + HCl CO2 + H2O + NaCl. The objective of this experiment was to find out what was the least amount of sodium bicarbonate needed to react with an excess of 1.0 M HCl to inflate the bag. We were able to determine that around 22 grams of sodium bicarbonate were needed to firmly inflate the bag without bursting.

first place. Maybe if the ship had some repairs to the ventilation system there would be more

Several elements were considered harmful to both Aldrin and Armstrong; therefore the safety procedure was very in depth. “Apollo was kind of nested levels of risk”, Andrew Chaikin said, author of “A Man On The Moon (1994)”. Chaikin also elaborated on what procedure the astronauts had to undertake: “You get on top of a Saturn V Rocket with enough chemical energy to be the equivalent of a small atomic bomb. Then you throw away levels of safety by going into Earth’s orbit, then going to the moon, orbiting around the moon. And then, on the landing missions, two of the guys going down to the surface and being at an absolute dead stop on the moon”. Every component of the spacecraft were tested to the maximum, this helped NASA prevail over the Soviet Union’s N1 moon rocket which was never tested before it got launched. NASA engaged “what-if thinking” to make the onboard explosion of an oxygen tank on Apollo 13 survivable. For example, the docking mechanism that linked the command module and healthy lunar module was strong enough to allow the module to propel the combined spacecraft onto the proper course for home, Chaikan said. The astronauts lived in their lunar module “lifeboat” for several days before successfully transferring back to the command module and splashing down on

I met this incredible woman late in my life. She happened to come into my life once my mom married her son. She always had something interesting to say about her life. When this paper was discussed in class I knew who exactly I was going to write about. Here is the story of Teresa Torres:

canonical book and the writing of his gospel. Some of those questions have answers and some do not. In this essay we will take a look at some of them that has biblical answers. The first question is did John write the gospel bearing his name? Second, who was the audience that he was writing to? Third, what was the purpose of John writing the gospel?

Apollo 13 mission to the moon was suddenly derailed, when one of the three oxygen tanks exploded, and another failing simply as collateral damage from the explosion, therefore leaving one oxygen tank for the three astronauts aboard Apollo 13. The astronauts included mission commander Jim Lovell, lunar module pilot Fred Haise and command module pilot Jack Swigert (the back-up pilot for Ken Mattingly) found themselves rotating the moon in a small confined space that was designed for only two

Salva the main character of “A Long Walk to Water” by Linda Sue Park was an 11-year old boy when his village was attacked. His teacher urged him to run away from the village and to run to the “bush.” After that attack, his life made a turn for the worse. With no family around him, he was completely lost. During his journey, he had some problems, but overcame

A few days later Lovell and his crew take off on the Apollo 13 mission. At first all is well until the second oxygen tank explodes, causing many problems for the crew; the most potent problem being that the crew was losing oxygen fast. Luckily, due to much ingenuity by the crew and mission control, the crew is able to arrive safely to earth without the deaths of any astronauts.

This is the scenario of the Lifeboat Ethics in which Hardin relates this lifeboat to the space ship Earth. It goes that the lifeboat is the wealth nations and the people in the water are the poor or unfortunate. All ethic beliefs have flaws and strong points, as you will see in the following explanations. The 5 ethical theories have a one or two examples explaining how someone would go about making this decision from the view of: Divine Command Theory, Egoism, Utilitarianism, Kantian Ethics, and Natural Law. All five have ethic believes do justice, but have flaws, and strong point. An ethic theory to solve a problem is good. Following

Overpopulation is a condition that is undesirable. Overpopulation is one of the problems that people concern it to. One of the serious countries facing this problem is China. Reports in China show that it has about 1.38 billion people in this country (Worldometers, n.d.); it has about one over seven population of world’s population. China is the fourth largest land after Russia, Canada and the United States in the world (Central Intelligence Agency, n.d.). Although China’s land is not as big as Russia or Canada, but their number of people make up more than three countries. Overpopulation in China is one of the serious problems that the world is facing because it brings unemployment, exhaustion of natural resources and also environmental pollution.

The need to perform tasks in hostile environments such as those characteristic of nuclear, underwater and space domains has driven telerobotics researchers to design systems that allow human operators to work safely from remote locations (Ferre et al., 2007). Telerobotic systems extend the actions of a human operator by transmitting complex control actions to a robot that duplicates them on remote objects on the operator’s behalf (Figure 1). Sensors are placed at the remote site to gather data from the task, and feedback is then transmitted back to the operator and displayed by the human machine interface (HMI). The operator perceives system information from the remote environment through the HMI and responds accordingly by sending commands back to the remote devices. Essentially, these systems are closed-loop configurations in which a human operator plays an important role. Therefore, the HMI component of an optimal telerobotic system has to accurately stimulate the operator’s senses of sight, hearing and touch to (1) communicate the state of the remote environment and (2) process the operator’s commands to accurately control the remote devices (Ferre et al., 2007). For complex or intricate tasks, force feedback that stimulates the operator’s sense of touch can enhance his ability to complete the task. This requirement was the original motivation for the evolution of haptic interface technologies.