Assignment 1 Crime and Disorder extra

Disabled – disabled people will be very badly impacted by crime as they tend to isolate themselves from other people in the community. As they are isolated, they will not have anyone to talk to about the crime, so they may not even report the crime, or may even be too scared to report it, and again they may feel as if they are being targeted just because they have something different about them that they can’t change, and they may just suffer in silence and fear.

Mentioned the impact on the victim, society and communities and the transport police but could do with more detail and facts or references statistics.

Environmental crime prevention is based on the phase of ‘broken windows’, Wilson and Kelling use this point to stand for all the various signs of disorder and lack of concern for others that are found in some neighbourhoods. They argue that leaving broken windows unrepaired sends out a signal that no one cares. In these neighbourhoods, there is an absence of both formal social control and informal control. The police are only concerned with serious crime and turn a blind eye to petty nuisance behaviour, while respectable members of the community feel intimidated and powerless. Without curative action, the problem deteriorates. As item A shows this causes families and respectable people to move out and the area becomes a magnet for deviants.

BibliographyBooks:1 - S Ludlam and M Smith - Governing as New Labour (2004) (Chapter 11)2 - J Muncie - Youth Crime (2004) (Chapters 6.4, 7.2, 7.4)Websites:1 - (http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts1998/ukpga_19980037_en_2#pt1-ch1-pb1-l1g1 - UK Crime & Disorder ACT 1998 - URL accessed 14/11/2007)2 - (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/1883277.stm - BBC News 20/03/2002 - URL accessed 15/11/2007)3 - (http://www.nfh.org.uk/resources/Articles/asbo/index.php - Neighbours from Hell - 20/01/2004 - URL accessed 14

The results of this experiment was the reduction of 53 violent crimes comprises a reduction of 90 crimes in the targeted area, which was offset by a 37 offense increase occurring in the displacement areas immediately surrounding target areas (Ratcliffe,

This act grants the local authorities (police) more responsibilities in reducing crime in their areas.

Policing uses 3 main styles in the UK to oppose crime, the first being legalistic style, secondly the watchman style and lastly the service style. Each of these styles has a different way of enforcing the law. The legalistic style focuses more on the law enforcement; arresting and detaining suspects (Dempsey, J. Forst, L, 2011). This style is mainly used in larger cities due to high crime rates. However, this style mainly concentrates on the law breaking than any social problems that may arise such as anti-social behaviour.

1. The theories and perspectives in this unit focus on the environmental and social influence of crime. Do you think that environmental and social conditions influence crime? Why or why not? Between biological, psychological, and social factors, which one do you think plays the biggest role in crime? Why?

The legal definition of crime is “an act of violation of a criminal law for which a punishment is prescribed; the person committing it must have intended to do so and must have done so without legally acceptable defence or justification” (Walsh & Hemmens 2008:2). Alternatively, deviance is any social behaviour which departs from that regarded as ‘normal’ or socially acceptable within a society or social context (Jary & Jary 1991:160). The underlining focus of my essay is The Criminal Justice System in England and Wales which is a key public service consisting of various bodies and individuals including: the Police, Crown Prosecution Service, Her Majesty’s Court Service, National Offender Management Services (Probation and Prisons) and Youth Justice Board.

In recent years the Criminal Justice System has argued to reduce the prison population by incorporating punishment in the community through use of anti-social behaviour legislation (Gibbs, 2009). Behaviour once not suitable for criminalisation has been dubbed anti-social that may cause ‘harassment, alarm or distress’ (Home Office, 2003) which requires a form of punitive focus to prohibit risk to society, however the definition is largely contested as being ambiguous (Doolin & Child, 2011). Since the introduction of Labour in 1997, collated evidence by people of a community has been a main priority in determining the punishment of delinquent others to control

The criminal law system encourages compliance and reduces non-compliance through an array of mechanisms, including situational and social crime prevention along with increasing police powers under the Law Enforcement (Powers and Responsibilities) Amendment Act 2014 (LEPRA). The criminal law appears to be relatively effective in decreasing non-compliance, as the majority of people are law-abiding citizens as they enjoy the liberties and protection that a disciplined society provides. Criminal law may further encourage compliance by punishing violations of the law on behalf of society where individuals fail to comply. However, regardless of the criminal law’s efforts in reducing non-compliance, continuous defilements of the law occur frequently, causing the community to question the effectiveness of the criminal law in encouraging compliance and reducing non-compliance.

Understand the impact of current legislation that underpins the safeguarding of children and young people.

It includes the offences of grooming, abuse of position of trust, trafficking, and covers offences committed by British citizens whilst abroad. It also updated the Sex Offenders Act 1997 to strengthen the monitoring of offenders on the sex offenders’ register.

However, victim based crimes are crimes with a specific identifiable victim. All crime covered by the Crime Survey for England and Wales (CSEW). Also, police recorded crime includes both victim based crimes as well as other crimes that do not have specific victim, and the other called”. First, violent crime covers a range of offence types from minor assaults, such as pushing and shoving that result in no physical harm, to murder. Furthermore, statistics on violent crime can be found here. Robbery A robbery is an incident or offence in which force or the threat of force is used either during or immediately prior to a theft or attempted theft. The figures we publish for robbery are all recorded crime offences. Next, robbery taken from the CSEW is currently included in the violent crime count. Then, anti-social is behaviour incidents are recorded by the police in accordance with the National Standard for Incident Recording (NSIR). Also, these incidents may still be crimes in law such as littering or dog fouling, but they are not of a level of severity that would result in the recording of a notifiable offence. They are not included in the main police recorded crimes. The CSEW has lot of questions asking respondents about perceptions of problems with different types of anti-social behaviour in their local area, and more recently questions have been added asking about respondents’ experiences of anti-social

Since 1995, a year after the YOA came into effect; all areas of offences have increased. This would included all persons ages 17 and under or less charged with an offence that was dealt with informally by the police. The total of all offence in 1985 was at 188,958 and by the year 1989 it had jumped to 225, 766 so an increase of 36,808 in just 4 years. A big suprise was in the rise in numbers of the Drug offence. In 1985, it was at 4,290 and in 1986 it jumped up to 4,767, but by the year 1989 it was at 4,253. In that 5 year period it decreased by 43 but at least it is a start in one area (Ruffo, 4,1994). But it is not really young people committing the crimes because a