The Explanation and Arguments of the Major Theories in Music Ontology and a Feigned Argument in Support of the Historicist Theory Two persistent and basic questions surrounding music are (1) what is a musical work1, and (2) what is the thing that makes something a piece of music?2 To answer these questions, philosophers have relied on several ontological theories that purport to answer these, and other questions, of importance in the field of music. The first theory of musical ontology, the Platonist view, contends that works of music are objects of eternal abstraction.3 The extreme version of this view is that musical works exist outside of the physical world, and the composer does not necessarily create a piece of music; instead the composer discovers it. Consequently, if all instantiations (i.e. copies, recordings, memories, etc. ) of a work (e.g. Richard Strauss' Til Eulenpiegels Iustige Streiche), were to be destroyed, the actual work would still exist as an “eternal abstract object.”4 Therefore, in the extreme version of the Platonist view, works of music exist independent of our thoughts or perceptions of them (e.g. hearing a song or seeing a performance of the music). In other words the existence of works of music is “independent of humans finding them.”5 Another version of the …show more content…
In this view, the works have no abstract existence. However, we talk about the works as if they were tangible. Therefore, works are only a categorization of performances-of-a-work. When we use the term “work,” it is just a linguistic convenience as a referent to “classes of particulars.”19 The problem with this view is that it is a fictional view where classes are like sets, but you cannot contain sets in classes. As an example, your families last name identifies you as a member of that family. This is just a convenient way to to refer to family as a class that are either legally or biologically
Music is sound organized by humans; audible statement that mirrors a way of life or a way of thinking; a language spoken directly, without translation, between people who understand. In this class we studied liberal arts, and how it uses general intellectual development rather than opposed training, to develop a musical analysis of music such as “The Ballad of Gregorio Cortez”. To develop an analysis, we group the organization of music into five musical elements rhythm, melody, harmony, texture, and form, and we find some type of organization or order in these pieces like pulse and background instruments to help identify these elements.
* Sources have direct link to style and designations of music Transmission of Music and Musical Knowledge
Music is remarkable for its special nature, which it is heritability. Music itselfs does not only give all music notes but innovation and inspiration from
While standard music histories and biographies are a pleasant read and aid in the understanding of the recordings many of us enjoy, they do little in the way to place music into its proper context. In order to move music and sound recordings away from the notion of frivolity and pure entertainment, its chroniclers and historians must understand its location in the larger narrative. By properly placing the music and its creators into a larger historical, social, political, and economic context, it brings dimension and perspective to not only the output but a fuller understanding of our past. In order to succeed, the historian should reference many of the characteristics that make Peter Guralnick’s work, particularly Sweet Soul Music, such
Without the human intention, perception, and interpretation of sound, then the existence of music would be imaginary. Music includes talking words in a way that the person creates a sound that is made with the intention of being music (Deutsch, Diana 10-13, Justus & Timothy., 33-40). Besides, people can perceive silence and sound and put them together so as to call the outcome music. In Bakan’s fourth proposition, he identifies the approach as the Human Intention and Perception (HIP) approach (Resnicow, Joel E., 10-22). In other words, the proposition tries to suggest that music is inseparable from the makers; or more specifically the people who perceive and experience it. Bakan gives numerous examples to show that music is a product of human intention and perception. This paper conducts research and gives appropriate examples to show that music is only identified as music if the person is making it has the intention for their words to be music.
The Ontological Argument was first thought up by St. Anselm of Canterbury stating that God is an existing being and no other existing being is greater, proving that God does existed. There is no physical proof, you just have to ask yourself and think about it, however, just because some things are possible does not make it true. This lead questioning to Anselm’s reasoning, if a pink gorilla is possible but does not truly exist in reality, how can God be possible and exist in reality? Lemma, smaller proof conducted in a larger proof, is a type of proof in Reductio ad Absurdum, proving that the conclusion of something is true due to proving the opposite is not. Stating that, to be God in all reality, and certain being must exist and be perfect
On the one hand, the agones served as cultural venue for the preservation of cultic soundscapes, allowing repeated performances and thus the constitution of common musical tastes. On the other hand, they were fundamental for the development and evolution of new musico-ritualistic styles. Accordingly, the nomoi were heralded in Greek musicological ideology as inherently conservative by nature. It is tempting to assume that this trait emanated from the basic prerequisites of the agonal mechanics themselves. The performing musician had to stick to clear and regulated musical boundaries, if only as to conform to current musical tastes and to the supposedly homogeneous formal basis that allowed comparison between performances and hence any act of judgment. But, at the same time, the nomoi allowed enough margins as to tolerate wide range of musical self-expressions and performative innovations. Indeed, musical innovations were inherent to the agonal practice, for only by some degree of performative and expressive innovation, by surprising the crowd and judges, could a musician claim the victory. This tendency is apparent already in Terpandros who sang a praise to originality in his lines, “I will sing new songs to the seven-toned
Famous music composer, Ludwig van Beethoven once rightly quoted “Music is a higher revelation than philosophy”. Indeed, music has higher magnitude than just being a mere form of entertainment- it plays a significant role in our society be it politics or religion or even academics. So important is music’s value that it has been recorded throughout history of mankind in numerous ancient writings including the sacred Hindu scripture, Veda. Thus it is no surprise that even today the value and contribution of music has not declined but on the contrary, risen.
Closely related to constructivists’ core ontological claim is a second claim: the social setting – that which they construct – provides social agents with “understanding of their interests;” the social setting “constitutes” those interests (Checkel, 1998: 326). Social agents, thus, “bear identities, rights[,] and obligations (to name a few) in their own consciousness (Adler, 1997: 325).” As such, ideas have “structural characteristics;” they are the “medium and propellant of social action; they define the limits of what is cognitively possible and impossible for individuals (Adler, 1997: 325; emphasis added).” And, more than simply delimiting that which is “cognitively possible and impossible,” intersubjectively shared ideas also delimit
The Ontological argument is an argument based in 9 steps that attempts to prove the reality of God outside of the understanding. The general reasoning behind the argument is that no one, not even an atheist could deny the existence of God in the understanding and then attempts to build on it to prove God exists also in the reality. The issue with the argument was that if God was substituted, anything could be proven. This was Guanilo's objection to the 9 step argument. He substituted a perfect island and it also made sense.
The Ontological Argument, put forth by Saint Anselm in his Proslogium, attempts to prove the existence of God simply by the fact that we have a particular concept of God - that God is "that than which nothing greater can be conceived." Saint Anselm presents a convincing argument that many people view as the work of a genius. It is also quite often considered a failure because, in William L. Rowe's words, "In granting that Anselm's God is a possible thing we are in fact granting that Anselm's God actually exists." In other words, it "assumes the point it is supposed to prove", primarily because is assumes that existence is a great-making quality, and for God to be truly great, he must exist. I
One of the most fascinating arguments for the existence of an all-perfect God is the ontological argument. Ontological arguments are arguments to prove the existence of God based on pure reason alone. They attempt to show that we can deduce God’s existence from, so to speak, the very definition of God. St. Anselm of Canterbury proposed the first and most well known ontological argument in 1078 in his Proslogion, but it was actually Immanuel Kant, an 18th century German philosopher, who first called the argument “ontological.”
The nature of this question is pointing towards ontological arguments, these arguments claim that understanding God’s definition to be true can prove His existence. The proof used is a priori and this means that the propositions do no not require sense experience to be understood as true. The name ontological is taken from two Greek words, ‘ontos’ (being) and ‘logos’ (study of) which shows that the argument is concerned with the nature of God, and it is from His nature that His existence is argued for. In Proslogian, Anselm put forward his version of an ontological argument and his argument looks at having a definition for God that any person can believe, both the fool and the believer. I am going to argue against his argument as looking
Music Theory can be understood as chiefly the study of the structure of music. With the idea of both written and oral notation, it may be understood through recognized systems of indication, and used as systems of memorizing and transmitting the theories themselves. Western music theory is significant for its quantity and range whilst those of non-Western traditions are also notable in possessing major works of theoretical oration and literature.
The two readings I will be discussing are: the five ways and the “ontological” argument. In the five ways, St. Thomas explains the five ways in which God’s existence can be proven. His first justification is motion. Since nothing is able to move itself and the process of movement cannot go on indefinitely, the first mover must be God. The second explanation is the nature of efficient causality. There is always a first efficient cause, which is God. The reason for this is because without a first efficient cause, there would not be a middle or last cause. In the third explanation, possibility and necessity, God does not receive his existence from another being, but instead he causes them. This is because “it is impossible for such things always