The role of ethical theories in ethical reasoning and behavior within organizations - Research proposal
Sigalit Pasternak, Phd student
The Faculty of Management
Tel Aviv University
Supervisor: Dr. Ishak Saporta
Introduction
Business ethics is a specialized branch of ethics focusing on how moral standards apply to business organizations and behavior (Velasques, 1998). As such, it cannot be understood separately from the general ideas of ethics, and the general ethical theories apply to business ethics as well (Hunt & Vitell, 1986; Fritzsche & Becker, 1984;
Schumann, 2001; Lahdesnati, 2005). Normative ethical theory offers different moral theories, each prescribing a set of moral rules that individuals can apply in the process of deciding
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Finally, most of the empirical research on the connection between ethical theories and ethical reasoning is carried out in separation from research on the ethical decision-making process. Although there is a consensus as to the role of important individual and contextual components on ethical decision making within organizations (for review, see Kish – Gephart, Harrison and Trevino,
2010 Meta analysis), relatively little is known about the effect of these components on ethical reasoning within organizations. The third objective of this research is to explore the link between different individual and environmental factors and the application of different ethical theories in ethical reasoning.
The proposed research can generate a theoretical contribution to the literature on ethical decision making within organizations in several ways. First, the research attempts to resolve the differences in past research finding in regard to the role of ethical theories in ethical reasoning by examining the connection between the specific content and context of ethical dilemmas and the ethical rule or theory applied by individuals to explain their resolution. Secondly, it
Luke is in charge of ABC Company’s land development project in building an adult entertainment store on the land they recently purchased. Unfortunately, his brother, Owen, happens to live in the same area. Luke remembers Owen once told him he is thinking about selling his house, since he recently received a decent offer from a real estate firm. However, he is debating whether he should sell it or waits for the real estate to rise. Luke realizes with the appearance of adult entertainment in the near future, the values of Owen’s house and other houses in neighborhood are likely to drop significantly.
Moral and Ethical theories often conflict with one another. It is hardly ever true that both theories agree with one another. Same is the case for Jean and Pierre. Following the four basic principles of Act Utilitarianism, Rule Utilitarianism, Social Contract Theory, and Kantianism his actions will be discussed in the following paper. Examining his actions, he was in favor of following the moral instinct of Utilitarianism more than any other theory.
During this interview, I addressed some of parts highlighted in Ethical Principal 2.1.1 of the social work Code of ethics. I demonstrated professional demeanor and behavior by stating the confidentiality statement and I guided the client to know that she could express herself freely and openly without judgement. When the client and I first sat down I also made sure to set the mood with a relaxed “Good Morning how are you doing today” This lead to start other side conversations consequently creating an atmosphere appropriate for this type of interview. Because we could converse on other subjects besides the actual question. Thus, we could engage in effective communication from the beginning. We were also able to make good non-verbal gestures
Build a mirror CRM production system over the next two weeks so that a rebuilding of the main CRM system could occur to plug security holes and assure that another DoS attack would not be successful.
Ethical dilemmas occur when there is a disagreement about a situation and all parties involved question how they should behave based on their individual ethical morals. (Newman & Pollnitz, 2005). The dilemma that I will be addressing in this essay involves Michael, recently employed male educator working in the nursery, and parents of a baby enrolled at the centre. The parents have raised concerns about male educators changing their child’s nappy as they have cultural practices that do not allow this practice to take place. This situation is classed as an ethical dilemma as there is a dispute between cultural beliefs and legal requirements within the workplace. There are four parties involved (parents, child, educator and director), all
The life of prisoners some may never know. There are those who care not to know what goes on behind that wired fence. We find that some people that are convicted of crimes that they did not commit. Some people would rather turn their heads to what actually happens in a prison institution, because they feel it is no concern of theirs. Innocent women and men face a disaster in life when they find their selves incarcerated in such facility as these. The treatment in prison facilities toward prisoners with health issues or those who develop health concerns that
2. An ethical decision-making principle that came into play in my clinical experience involved a competent patient refusing a blood transfusion because he was Jehovah Witness. This patient was actually a physician himself and the ethical dilemma it raised was that it conflicted with my nurse and I’s commitment to provide beneficial care while avoiding harm. While we could advise our patients our own views on why they should receive this blood transfusion we had to make sure we avoided coercion, and deception that could deny our patients autonomy. Out patient ended up changing their mind and agreeing to the blood transfusion, but we still had to make sure the change wasn 't a consequence of illness impairing the patient to decide and that the patient was basing their decision on facts. The ANA code of ethics states the right to self-determination. Self-determination is also called autonomy and forms the basis for informed consent within the health care system. The patient has the right to make his healthcare decision. Knowing this had an impact because ultimately a signed blood refusal card is equally and ethically equivalent as a component patient with an advance directive. Knowing this I had to treat the patient according to his wishes.
The foundation to any ethical decision making process is adherence to the principles of independence and beneficence. The Ethical decision making is a process that can be refined and used in addressing any ethical dilemma. An
Morals are infrequently conflated or mistook for different methods for settling on decisions, including religion, law or ethical quality. Numerous religions advance moral choice making yet don't generally address the full scope of moral decisions that we always come across. Religions might likewise advocate or deny certain practices which may not be viewed as the correct area of morals, for example, dietary confinements or sexual practices (K.A. Francis, Demand Media, 2014). A decent arrangement of law ought to be moral, however, the law sets up a point of reference in attempting to direct all inclusive rules and is subsequently not ready to react to individual connections.
Ethics is the concept of right and wrong and thus it is difficult to come to a universal standpoint as to what should be right and wrong. In the context of the medical field, professionals are constantly engaged in accessing very delicate and sensitive information about people and patients. Thus, such professionals are regularly facing the circumstances in regards to concepts such as confidentiality and privacy. Keeping such private and sensitive information confidential can be a challenge both legally and ethically (Boylan, 2013). When we mean a challenge ethically, we refer to the concept of whether such private information can be easily shared
Ethical principles are applied when considering ethical decisions. Autonomy and beneficence are two out of the seven ethical principles. Autonomy is basically the right, that a person can make decisions for herself; while beneficence is the act to benefit and avoid harm to others (Alfaro-LeFevre, 2013). In this case of ethical dilemma, a 17-year-old patient with Hodgkin’s lymphoma wanted to stop her chemotherapy treatment. Although, the patient is displaying autonomy, she was under age at the time and her mother was her guardian. One would think her mother will go against her wishes of stopping her treatments, but in contrast her mother agreed to stop her chemotherapy. The court was involved in the case because the doctor advised against their wishes. The court then appointed a state guardian and the chemotherapy continued and the patient is now in remission (Macklin, 2015). In the latest new she now would like to be released from state custody and wants to continue and finish all her treatment (Briggs, 2015).
The ethical dilemma is a situation by which it’s difficult to determine whether a situation is can be handled without disappointing both sides. Therefore, an ethical dilemma exists when the right thing to do is clear or when members of the healthcare team cannot agree on the right thing to do. Ethical dilemmas require negotiation of different points of view (potter, Perry, Stockert, & Hall 2011pg 78).
Describe and discuss the theoretical principles and ethical guidelines that underlie two of the main areas of applied psychology.
In this essay I have chosen to compare two opposing theories, Immanuel Kant 's absolutist deontological ethics and Joseph Fletchers relativist situation ethics. The deontological ethics focuses on actions made according to duty and the categorical imperative - which shows how acts are intrinsically good or bad. The situation ethics state that no act is intrinsically good or bad, and that actions should b made according to love. From this perspective it looks as thought Kant 's views were less personal than Fletcher 's, although in actuality both focus on the best outcome for humans.
Ethical theories in philosophy are used as decision making tools (Trevino p38), many theories with different frameworks with argument with and against.