Chapter One: Thinking Geographically
Key Issues: How do geographers describe where things are? Why is each point on Earth unique? Why are different places similar?
Introduction
I. Geographers observe that individuals are being swayed in two directions.
A. Globalization- movement between people, ideas, and cultures. Moves people to interact on a global scale.
B. Local diversity- unique cultural traditions, unique economics. Individuals interacting with their local community.
C. Globalization and local diversity lead to conflicts.
II. Three important concepts in HG explain why places on Earth have similar traditions/cultures/religions.
A. Scale- relationship between a specific place in the world, and the Earth as a whole.
B. Space- Physical
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III. Connections Between Places
• Space-time compression- the reduction in the time it takes for one to reach a place
A. Spatial Interaction
• Distance decay- the farther a way two groups are from each other, the less likely that they will interact.
• Technologies have allowed interactions between people that are far away.
B. Diffusion
• Diffusion- process by which a characteristic spreads across space from one place to another.
• Today, ideas diffuse rapidly across the world.
• Hearth- the place from which an innovation originates.
• Relocation diffusion- the spread of an idea through the physical movement of people from one place to another.
• Expansion diffusion- the spread of a feature from one place to another in a snowballing process. Three types: o Hierarchical diffusion- from nodes of authority or power. o Contagious diffusion- rapid spread of a
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