Ap European Power Dbq

China viewed itself as an autarkic agricultural economic system and whilst Britain purchased large amounts of Chinese tea, silk and porcelain the Chinese held the European manufactured products at very little value. This monopolistic system of

In Part 1, Wang states that the U.S.’ early trade with China represented “the triumphant entry of a new nation into an expanding international system of politics and trade controlled by then hegemonic Britain and other European powers.” She then goes on to highlight that in a period that was defined by the Opium Wars and unequal treaties, where foreign powers were seeking territory and spheres of influence in China, the Americans developed a different approach. Their pragmatic Open Door doctrine of free trade set the tone for the relationship and, as Wang argues, allowed America to differentiate itself from Europe, paving with way for the young country to become a world power

While under the rule of the Emperor Qianlong, China’s foreign policy and trade was beginning to unfold and open up to Europe. Qianlong, however, still maintained a strict and regulated administration of all foreign trade and foreign ability to exist within China. “ It is true that Europeans, in the service of the dynasty, have been permitted to live at Peking, but they are compelled to adopt Chinese dress, they are strictly confined to their own precincts and are never permitted to return home.” All outside interactions with China could only be permitted if ‘in the

Before the arrival of western powers, China was very stable, agricultural, and ethnocentric. They had many factories that produced silk, cotton, and porcelain with their natural resources: salt, tin, silver, and iron mines. They had no interest of trade or interaction with foreigners. From the early eighteenth century, European and American Imperialism spread throughout China with a goal to extend their nation’s power. China was one of many territories that undertook the changes of New Imperialism. By 1912, the country was governed by outside nations: Great Britain (mostly), Russia, Germany, France, and Japan. Their influence on China resulted malignantly on the country’s economy, political ties, and lifestyle; in spite of the few

In doing so, China was forced to ‘lease’ Hong Kong to the British (Chang, 2007, p. 24). This is just one example that Chang shares where powerful Britain used force to negotiate the most favorable trading terms with less powerful countries and thus making themselves rich. During this first period of globalization, from about 1870 to 1913, Britain kept up the front that it was a champion for free-trade, but the

In this letter Long is attempting to politely and respectfully convey why King George’s request for trade privileges cannot be done. That, due to China’s culture and government, Long cannot allow Europeans to retain their own culture if they are to live in China, nor could they ever leave. Long indicates that it is believed that allowing Europeans to not assimilate into Chinese culture could pollute the minds of Chinese citizens. The information Qian Long provides in this source are his and the rest of the Chinese government’s response to King George’s request and why it is not possible to oblige it. Long cites a few of China’s and Europe’s cultural and political differences that make the request impossible. Long also makes a number of assumptions

The countries involved in the area included Great Britain, France, Russia, Germany, and Japan. The United States felt that as the Europeans spheres of influence continued to grow they would be left out of the Chinese market shown in a letter from John Hay the american secretary of state at the time “preserve Chinese territorial and administrative entity, protect all rights guaranteed to friendly powers by treaty and international law, and safeguard for the world the principle of equal and impartial trade with all parts of the Chinese Empire.” To achieve this The United States circulated the “Open Trade Notes” requesting that all nations agree to free trade in China. The United States lied to the world and said they accepted rather than admitting to having grading plans for the partition of china the imperial powers remained silent and the open door policy went into effect. Maintaining the opportunity for American influence to continue to grow in the region.

Before Europeans further decided to explore and imperialize Qing China, Chinese government and society was strictly conservative in the sense that they were rarely exposed to outside influences. Being considerably isolated from expansion, imperialism, and industrialization in the west, it took the people of China by surprise when suddenly Chinese power began switching between the Western nations, all of whom were fighting for dominance. These Western pressures changed how the Chinese incorporated Europeans into their society, they had to sign unequal treaties and push for reforms while still trying to maintain Chinese tradition. However, being forced to succumb to European power did not completely change their view of foreigners, or stop their

China believed that the wealth of China is uses to profit the barbarians because there were a mass amount of ships that enter China for trading purposes even though the country China and Britain is nowhere near each other. For the nations who was force to endure and obey rules made by other country was an insult. Not only did the Western took control of trading and some lands, they also took advantage of government laws. This meant they were allow to exempt or punish as they seem fit for the crimes. This allowed the foreigners to commit crimes and get away with it with only minor consequences, which the Asian nation cannot intervene to carry out justice as this was part of the treaty.

In the Open Door Policy John Hay gave three principles to Great Britain, Germany, Russia, France, Italy, and Japan who are known as “Spheres of Influence”. The three principles were: “that each nation which had a sphere of influence would respect all rights and privileges of other countries within its sphere; that Chinese officials would continue to collect tariff duties in all of the spheres of influence; and that within each nation’s sphere, no discrimination would occur against other nations concerning the charging of harbor taxes and railroad rates” (Hay Sends His Open Door Notes, September 6, 1899, 2014). John Hay wanted each country to respect the land of China and where other countries were occupied in China. Also, he wanted China to continue to collect tariffs from all the countries so there would be equal trade, and wanted all the “Spheres of Influence” to be charged and treated the same.

China had long been independent and rejected western influences which resulted in both advantages and drawbacks. However, in the 19th century foreign influences were trying to intrude on China, never colonizing it, but instead working on establishing themselves as major trading partners. As western ideas began to enter China through education and technology many Chinese rejected this change, instead calling to fortify Chinese traditions. China had a history of rebellions, but what made the Boxer Rebellion significant enough to prompt European involvement? I argue that the threat of trade loss, the need to demonstrate power and necessity to maintain its religious hierarchy led to European intervention in Chinses affairs.

British attempts for renewed trade conditions were not met favourably by the Emperor. Firstly, due to China’s self-superiority it was assumed the visiting diplomats were paying tribute. Further complications arose with British refusal to comply with Chinese customs e.g. performing the kowtow before the Emperor. These actions caused misunderstandings and misinterpretations, which set the basis of British-Chinese relations and attitudes.

As the Industrial Revolution swept each continent throughout the 17th century, it sparked a new era: Imperialism. Powerful nations sought to expand their reign, and reached out to other countries for trade, raw materials, and even territory. Through the 18th and into the early 19th century, world powers struggled for control. Some prevailed, and some fell victim. Two countries that marked a significant shift in world power are China and Japan.

History Assessment: Introduction The British imperialised China in 1839 when the first opium war started and continued to rule havoc on China by then having a second Opium War and the Boxer Rebellion (Pletcher, 2018). During the 18th century Britain’s imperial activity into China was a violet and negative experience for China, ultimately leading to the end of the Qing dynasty. Imperialism changed the political system, economics and the culture in China. Economics Britain was the dominate country during the Boxer Rebellion and the Opium Wars, the British controlled all the valuable resources in the boxer rebellion and Opium Wars.

In the early eighteen hundreds, Britain and other European countries demanded more and more Chinese commodities, especially tea and silk. However, only the port in Canton was opened to foreign countries, and Chinese would not take any other form of payments besides silver. The desire to make China into a free market that foreigners have more access to and the increasing, though illegal, European opium import to China eventually created tension between the European countries, especially Britain, and the Chinese government (Allingham Par. 1-2). The two battles fought and won by European powers were known as the Opium Wars. China’s politics, economy, and intellects were both positively and negatively