Antidepressants Cause Birth Defects

Depression is something that is only temporary and something that most new mothers go through, but Andrea had a long history of depression and this is also something that runs in her family come to find out. Andrea was prescribed with Zoloft, but refused to take it because she had preferred to breast-feed her youngest. “The ailing mother was discharged and another psychiatrist switched her to Zyprexa, an antipsychotic drug for bipolar disorders and schizophrenia. Andrea flushed the pills down the toilet. Then she got worse. To this point, she'd experienced several

There was a case-controlled study that was performed using data from the pregnancy registry in Quebec. It showed the some doctors prescribed the woman the antidepressants to help with their depression and moods. There was one woman whom had a psychiatric disorder before the study took place. The antidepressant exposure was shown according to the months of the trimesters of use and what type of antidepressant they took. The infants born small for gestational age cases showed that the infants with a birth weight less to the tenth percentile following the Canadian charts. There were also, the relative risk took into factor. They were changed and shifted due to possible confounders.

A baby’s genes are determined at conception. If something is faulty at this stage, this can have a huge impact on the child’s development. This may be physical or intellectual. If a mother takes drugs or smokes when pregnant, there is an increased chance of delivering an underweight baby at birth. It can also lead to cognitive problems for the child as they get older.

(Stewart, D.E., Robertson, E., Dennis, G.L., Grace, S.L. & Wallington, T. 2003) If we can prevent perinatal to avoid adverse effects on both the mother and child, there is evidence that preventive intentions are efficacious for perinatal depression. The research

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However, there are risk factors that may influence someone getting postpartum depression. “Younger mothers are at an increased risk for PPD compared to those who give birth later in life. Other factors that increase the risk a woman will experience PPD after giving birth include financial troubles, relationship problems with a spouse or partner, physical abuse, and tobacco use”. (Black & Tish). According to the National Institute of Mental Health, “the drastic drop in the hormones, estrogen and progesterone, following childbirth may lead to chemical changes in the brain which can cause mood swings.” On top of this change in hormones the mother is recovering from childbirth and may be faced with physical exhaustion. Current research has demonstrated that a compilation of stressors such as biochemical, genetic, and psychosocial may attribute to the development of this mental disorder. Other risk factors for development of postpartum depression include symptoms of depression before or after pregnancy, bipolar disorder, medical complication during childbirth, and family history of postpartum depression. (2015 Postpartum) It is important to know the risk factors for postpartum

In the article, “ Preventive Effects on Birth Outcomes: Buffering Impact of Maternal Stress, Depression, and Anxiety, “ by Ian M. Paul, we learn that Depression is a disease. It’s not caused by personal weakness and it not a character flaw. There is well-supported theory about the“ cause “ of depression in terms of the brain biochemistry.

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The third environmental factor that is said to cause ASD is the use of antidepressants during pregnancy. This study included 298 children with ASD and 1507 children without ASD as the control group from Northern California using the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program (KPNC). This focused on the years of 1995 to 1999 and babies that were born at KPNC. Mothers during the 3 months before the last menstrual period (LMP) were given one of 3 different antidepressant medications. The first medication contained SSRI’s, next medication contained serotonin-noradrenergic-reuptake inhibitors and other dual-action antidepressants, the last type of antidepressant which contains hydrochloride is tricyclic. Starting from preconception all the way to the delivery of the child the mothers were given antidepressant medication for 4 times over a one year time frame.

In addition to physical defects, psychological and developmental outcomes are another important aspect to consider when discussing psychotropic medication use during pregnancy. Research by Malm et al. (2016) aimed to clarify the effects of SSRI exposure in utero on psychiatric disorders by examining the outcomes of 64,754 singleton pregnancies. Data was gathered from several Finnish registries, such as the Drug Reimbursement Register, which contains data on drug purchases, the Medical Birth Register, which contains maternal demographics and health information, the Hospital Discharge Register, which contains information on somatic and psychiatric diagnoses, and information gathered from yearly examinations of the children included in the

Children of women diagnosed with PostPartum Depression are likely to have other problems (speech/growth delays, behavior problems, etc.)

There are times that one feels hopeless during a situational event, but usually this feeling passes. Depression can be situational or clinical. The severity of the depression can cause one to be suicidal, especially if one is diagnosed with clinical depression, or a bipolar disorder. In the research report, Epidemiology of Women and Depression, it states that it is more common for women than men to have depression, and hormonal changes can contribute to depression. Pregnancy can cause depression, but what about mothers who also have a depressive disorder? (Kessler). This paper will look at these concerns, and will look at the risks to the mother and child, as well as the pros and cons of taking antidepressants (ADs) during pregnancy.

In Genetic Liability, Environment, and the Development of Fussiness in Toddlers: The Roles of Maternal Depression and Parental Responsiveness by Natsuaki, M.N., et al, the aim of the study was to investigate the relationship of genetic and environmental contributions in the transmission of maternal depression to emotional development in early childhood.

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A mother who struggles with depression post-partum is likely to expose her baby to more harmful effects. Gerhardt (2015) states that the baby of a depressed mother can find it difficult to cope with or get over stress, or they may be more fearful (p. 21). These babies also may respond to others with depression themselves, as their mother may be neglectful in their care (Gerhardt, 2015, p. 36). One of the reasons for this is because of their cortisol levels, which can fluctuate situationally. However, in infants this can affect their development (Gerhardt, 2015, p. 83) as well as their immune system (Gerhardt, 2015, p. 118), and is evidence that a mother with depression can have a significant impact on her child well beyond when the depression occurs. Additionally, Gerhardt (2015) notes that, “When they grow up, these babies of depressed mothers are highly at risk of succumbing to depression themselves.” (p.