Answers for the final exam:
1
The following table shows the three laws of thermodynamics and what each of them states:
First law
Conversation of energy
In an isolated system, it is not possible to either create or destroy energy.
Second law
Energy transfer
For an isolated system, the entropy is always increasing.
Third law
Motion of Molecules
As the temperature approaches absolute zero, the entropy of a system assumes a constant value.
2
The origin of universe and elements is recognized to the big bang. The universe and elements that exist created from an explosion that occurred in the past.
3
Heat refers to the amount of energy contained by an object. Temperature, on the other hand, refers to the degree of coldness or hotness of
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5
Physical weathering occurs when rocks undergo a process that breaks them apart thereby resulting to change in their mechanical form but without any change in their chemical composition. Chemical weathering, on the other hand, refers to the change in chemical form of rocks caused by chemical reactions. Chemical weathering does not impact on the mechanical form of rocks. The chemical weathering results to formation of minerals as it involves chemical reactions that results to formation of new substances.
6
CEC, cation exchange capacity, refers to the measure of soil fertility, its ability to retain nutrients and its capacity to protect the underground water from contamination. Soil buffering, on the other hand, refers to the capacity of soil to use absorption as a mechanism to stop nutrient and pH changes. There is a direct relation between cation exchange capacity and soil buffering.
7
Photosynthesis is the process through which plants use light to produce food. The light used by plants is the sunlight and food is produced in form of sugar. An increase in the rate of photosynthesis results to an increase in the net primary production.
8
From the diagram, it is evident that in the future the temperature is expected to rise. As a result, heat waves mortality is anticipated.
9
Global climate change can affect the organic matter of soil in various ways. For instance, global warming
Enthalpy (H)- The sum of the internal energy and the pressure – volume product of a system H= E + PV.
f) Sulfur trioxide changing into sulfuric acid in the atmosphere is a chemical property because it shows what is happening to the sulfur trioxide as it is reacting with the water in the atmosphere. This is is the behaviour of sulfur trioxide in a chemical change.
Mechanical weathering is when physical procedures naturally breakdown rocks into reduced pieces. Chemical weathering changes the materials that are part of a rock into new resources. Examples of chemical weathering are water, acids, and oxidation. Water is important in chemical weathering because, most substances dissolve in water and acids are also essential since they increase the rate of chemical weathering even more. Lastly, oxidation which is when an addition of oxygen to a material is applied it creates an oxide. Which is a
Chemists refer to the energy stored in a substance as the heat content or enthalpy of the substance. The heat of reaction is determined by the difference in the enthalpy between the reactants and products.
Thus, in conclusion, this essay has considered: the definition of soil, identifying the components of, and its contribution to soils unique properties, and the critical roles in which soils play to sustain life on Earth. Soil, therefore, coincides with life on our
Weathering is the when rocks break down physically or chemically into smaller particles called sediments. Physical weathering is the breakdown of rocks and minerals without changing the chemical composition. Examples of physical weathering include frost wedging, biological activity/root weathering, mining/burrowing, exfoliation, and abrasion. Chemical weathering is the breakdown of rocks into smaller pieces by changing the chemical composition of the sediments. Examples of chemical weathering include oxidation, hydration, carbonic acid reacting with calcite to form caves, and biosphere (plant acids). Erosion is taking the material that has been weathered and is ready to be moved or eroded, and transports those loose sediments or rocks that
This paper will examine the Biblical passage found in Exodus commonly referred to as “The Call of Moses” and referenced as Exodus 3-4:17. The passage will be considered both for its literary content and historical background. The format of the call narrative as developed by Habel will be discussed, as well as perspectives which differ from Habel regarding Moses’ call. The purpose of this paper is to show that whether one receives a call or commission, it is the affirmative response to the call which matters in the context of pastoral ministry preaching and teaching.
The law of thermodynamics in can predict the direction of chemical reactions and changes in substances
Mount Vesuvius is located in Italy more specifically on Italy’s west coast. It overlooks the City of Naples and sits in the crator of an ancient volcano named Somma . Vesuvius is most famous for its 79 AD eruption that destroyed several roman cities’ most famous of which was Pompeii. The city of Pompeii had volcanic ash and pumice rain down on it at a rate of six inches per hour until the city was completely buried within twenty four hours. People who tried to escape the impending doom from the eruption were hit with Pyroclastic flow, searing hot ash and gas, that travelled down the flanks of the mountain. The city remained entombed in ash and pumice for nearly 17 centuries.
are two ways of modelling heat – a process way and also a way that draws on change
Thermodynamics is the study of work, heat, and the energy of a system (NASA, 2010). To help explain in more detail the properties of thermodynamics are the laws of thermodynamics. The first law explains that a system’s internal energy can be increased by adding energy to the system or by doing work on the system (Serway & Vuille, 2012). An internal energy system is the sum of both its kinetic and potential energies. The first law more simply states that the change in internal energy of a system is caused by an exchange of energy across the system, typically in the form of heat, or by doing work on the system. This relationship
When we first began this assignment, I did not think nothing about it. I thought it would be another one of those boring assignments that was just busy work. Take it how you like I enjoyed the papers we did it made me learn new things about my behavior change. My behavior change was to decrease my overall body fat by doing general exercise. Then I dived in deeper and asked what is the best way to lose body fat. There I quickly learned that is not just about exercise it is also as important as dieting. The steps I took to accomplish my behavior change was to stay motivated and not give up. Losing body fat is a physical game just as much as a mental game. There were some days that I did not want to go to the gym because I made excuses like I
According to scientific research, the average temperature of the earth has risen by between ten and twenty degrees Celsius (M.L. Weitzman, 2008). These high temperatures could well be described as a ‘recipe for disaster’, and could produce results that would be catastrophic on a global scale. What is more alarming however, is that there is already a lot of evidence of predicted results of climate change, for instance, in Australia especially, severe draughts have been common in farming areas in the last few decades, there has been an increase of intense and extreme weather events, for example floods, flash floods, tsunamis, earthquakes and tornados, almost all of the natural disasters listed have occurred for ‘unknown’ reasons in the past few years. Rises in sea water level and temperature due to higher acid levels caused by global warming, threaten the existence of species and in some areas, entire eco-systems resulting in the loss of natural biodiversity. ‘Climate change is pushing the world to the verge of environmental and economic collapse, whether global deniers want to believe it or not’ (N. Klein, 2011).
Soil is the basis for the natural ecosystems and a living thing, it sustains life on Earth and works as a natural recycling facility with nutrients to the plants. However, many people do not know about the good benefits that soil gives to our lives and how humans hurt the conditions of soil with chemicals. Soil is often times mistreated due to the misconception of soil as dirt. Nevertheless, Professor Asmeret Berhe highlighted during the lecture, Soil, that soil is a place of full of life that supports living thing. The living organism depends on the conditions of soil because soil delivers nutrients to plants. For instance, improving the conditions of the soil increases the harvest of crops. Unhealthy soil will not be able to do its job as a natural recycling facility, and not be able to give a good amount of nutrients to plants to abundantly grow. Therefore, conditions of soil are very important in agriculture. Furthermore, having organic soils can conserve the amount of water used for irrigation. Soil is main supply of water to all land and plants because it holds the water for organisms. Organic soil can hold few amounts of water for a long time so it helps farmers to reduce the agricultural water consumption. Soil is very important to out lives than what we imagine and think. The global awareness of soil preservation is less significant to people than other conservation efforts like reducing the amount of plastic used, but soil preservation is very significant to our earth system. Therefore, it is very important for humans to help the Earth healthy sustain life by stop mistreating soil as dirt and treating it as a living thing that holds full of
Heat is a form of energy that is transferred between two substances at different temperatures. The flow of the energy is from the object of higher temperature to the object of lower temperature. The heat is measured in units of energy, usually calories or joules. Temperature on the other hand, is how cold or hot an object is. The temperature is the average kinetic energy per molecule of a substance. This is measured in degrees on the Celsius or Fahrenheit or in Kelvins.