Annotated Bibliography on Treatment Approaches for Chilren with Autism

Autistic spectrum condition is a lifelong disability which affects how an individual communicates and relates to, other people. The understanding of autism has greatly improved since the 1940s when it was identified and one thing that we are aware of is that there is no cure however, there are many things that can be done to support people with autism. There are a large number of symptoms that are in relation to autism, such as a delay in speech development, not responding when their name is called and despite being able to hear, being intolerant of others entering their personal space. In addition to these, there are behavioural symptoms such as insisting on a familiar routine and becoming very anxious or upset if this is disrupted or changed, they will sometime talk at people rather than having a two-way conversation and a failure to understand or implement social rules.

Seitler, Burton Norman PhD Intricacies, Complexities, and Limitations of Research on Autism Treatments: An Examination of Seven Treatment Approaches. Ethical Human Psychology & Psychiatry. 2011, Vol. 13 Issue 2, p155-168. 14p. DOI: 10.1891/1559-4343.13.2.155

Since it first identified as a distinct disorder by Leo Kanner (1943), autism studies continued in order to explain its causes. Many theories and clinical studies evolved. However, none of them seems to be conclusive. Although it was interchangeably considered as part of schizophrenia, recently it is defined as a distinct disorder that has its own characteristics. The field of management is still challenging. In this paper, I am going to discuss different theories that explain autism. Then, I am going to summarize different learning approaches that are used for autistic children based on the

Having a child given a diagnosis of an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a very stressful event for parents. It is imperative to understand that there is much that can be done for both parent and the child. From the current literature we know that parents of children diagnosed with autism worry about many things like lifetime dependency to family dissonance. We know that these parents are distressed and angry, the parents of children with more unusual behaviors feel a lot more stressed than the parents of children with fewer unusual behaviors. However, having a strategy to approach it correctly and to get the best possible help for your child is probably the most important step, one can take to relieve stress and to aid the child’s development.

In this paper, the effectiveness of Intensive Behavioural Intervention for teaching/treating young children with autism has been questioned. The effects of age, duration of

This is why it is important that parents become trained in ABA. However, it is important that parents do not think that one approach will solve any child 's autism difficulties. The idea of using a “cookbook recipe” to fix their child is something that must be thrown out the window and techniques that encourage parents to become educated about the broadness of autism should be used. This includes learning how their child functions and ways to help design a ABA for their child rather than basing it off of statistics (Dillenburger et al.,2004).

The first three years of a child’s life is the most important and central time for the brain’s development. Autism is a disorder that can be diagnosed during the infant or toddler stage. Children can be diagnosed with autism by having different impairments such as social interaction, pattern of behavior, eye contact and speech impairment. Having the child being diagnosed with ASD can change a parent’s life view. Parents can learn different things in order to help their child. Parents will be provided by health providers different treatment, different placement in education and knowing about the different risk factor to make a difference for their autistic child now and in the future.

Bryna Siegel is well respected in the autism community she holds a PhD in Child Development and a MA in Education from Stanford University and is author of four books on diagnosing and treating autism spectrum disorders. Her credentials alone established trustworthiness and creditability appealing to the ethos appeal she knows what she is talking about and I can trust exactly what is stating based on her educational and experience in the field. This book covers fundamentals of learning for individuals diagnosed on the autism spectrum disorder. In this book, she discussed the challenges individual on the Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) face. The intended audience for this book was the parents and professionals seeking to find the best treatment for an individual on the spectrum based on learning styles. This book was easy to read and could be easily understood by whomever reads it. Bryna stated that effective treatment was based on individual’s needs. She claimed that, "in order to help individuals on the spectrum that we must identify social autistic learning disabilities" (Bryna). Which were identified as Autist learning disabilities of communication and autism learning disability and skills of daily living. Bryna mentioned methods such as Applied Behavioral Analysis Therapy which utilized discreet trials and training methods. I was quite impressed with the amount of knowledge this author expressed. This book had a lot of the logos appeal, she had a lot of facts and evidence which backed her claims. The book itself was very informative and effective with a serious educated

A lot of people don’t realize the challenges of living with a child who has been diagnose with Autism can be. It is a twenty-four-hour seven day a week job no vacation, no sick time and no pay. From the time the child is diagnosed it is a constant worry especially if the parents don’t know much about the condition. It starts with continuous Doctor visits, social services, and therapy sessions, just to figure out how serious the condition may be and what level of the disability the child has and this is only this beginning. Next, to find the tools the child needs to overcome the disability, like learning development and cognitive process, social skills, comprehension capabilities, and many more depending on the severity of autism.

When the word autism is stated what is the first picture that comes to mind? Is it a child throwing themselves on the ground and having an uncontrollable fit because the situation has changed from the standard routine all of a sudden? Or a child that is rocking back and forth constantly, or playing with one or two toys for a very long time without getting bored. “Currently one out of 88 children is diagnosed with having an autism spectrum disorder also known as ASD”. Smith R, Hannah S, Sengmuller E (2014 p9) Is there a way to help a child on the autism spectrum without the need for them to be on medication that has its own side effects on how the child behaves? Can a change in the diet help to control some of the side effects of being on the autism spectrum? To answer this question, we need to look at several things 1. How can a specialized diet help a child on the autism spectrum? 2. What are the common diets for autism and what is the difference between these diets. 3. What is the gluten free casein free diet all about and how do you implement it for a child with autism? 4. What evidence is there in support of specialized diets for autism from the medical profession and the parents point of view? 5. How does being on a special diet compared to the national guidelines set by this date for childcare facilities?

In general, Autism is characterized to have children struggle with social difficulties, communication challenges and a tendency to have repetitive behaviors. One of the ways families struggle with children having autism is that there is parental stress involved. For children to target social skills they are able to work on body basics, participation, wants and needs, and finally beginning a conversation. According to the article “Effects of a Social Skills Intervention on Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Peers with Shared Deficits” it mentions how the clinic is doing two clinical trials on two little boys. Therefore, this article shows graphs for the two children that are slowly improving on their social skills. On the other hand,

Secondly, applied behaviour analysis (ABA) has been proven to be effective in dealing with the core symptoms of autism. It utilizes techniques such as operant conditioning, incidental teaching, shaping for positive reinforcement, discrimination learning, task analysis, among the many to teach the child positive behaviours. Behavioural interventions such as ABA have found to work best in autism cases. However since behavioural techniques work better when the child is smaller we must use other approaches to compensate for that limitation (Matson et al., 2012; Zachor & Itzchak, 2010).

The study included 61 preschool children with autism who were randomized to one of two groups; one receiving intervention

Nowadays, teachers are expected to work with a mixture of students, general education students and exceptional students. “The physical attributes and/or learning characteristics of exceptional children differ from the norm (either below or above) to such an extent that they require an individualized program of special education and related services to benefit from education” (Heward, 2005, p. 10). This paper will discuss autism, characteristics of autism, and educational approaches when working with an autistic individual.

There are several interventions that are available for those with autism. The interventions are separated into the