Ancient India Research Paper

What was technologically complex about the Harappan civilization? They had running water in their houses, toilets, citywide drainage system, they might have been the first humans to invent it, and developed their own alphabet and art forms (Stearns 27). What evidence exists that they traded and why is it believed that they were conservative? Trade was primary with precious stones from China and Southeast Asia found (Stearns 27). They were conservative because they did not keep up with tools available in Mesopotamia. Did not manufacture swords and relied on bronze as arrows instead.

The Indians were organized into class societies (with few possible exceptions among the more rudimentary societies) and the poor were ground under the heel of the rich. This system was sanctioned by the Indian laws and customs, and based on the inequalities of land ownership.

Brahmin was treated to be the top of social scale. The second class was Kshatriya, the warriors. They were often listed below Brahmins in social status. In religious terms, they were ranked lower. The third ranked class in Indian society was vaisya (commoner). The vaisya were usually viewed in economic terms as the merchant class. The sudras were not considered fully Aryan. Most sudras were peasants or artisans or worked at other forms of manual labor. They had only limited right in society. At the lowest level of Indian society were untouchable also known as outcastes or pariahs. They were originated as a slave class consisting of prisoners of war, criminals, ethnic minorities, and other groups considered

Ancient civilizations have had profound effects of what we know as the modern world today. The primary purpose for anything that lives is to survive. Throughout history animals, plants and humans have adapted to their surroundings. All living things have changed throughout time. The thing that differs humans from rest is, humans are more cognitively advanced. Over the course of time the shape and size of the human skull has changed. The size of the human brain has increased, which has allowed humans to adapt more to their surroundings. To survive, humans were making tools for hunting and to cut with. The closer you lived to the equator the darker your skin may have been, so you could adapt to the intensity of the sun’s rays. If you lived further

How do the political, religious, and social structures of Harappan society compare its counterparts in Mesopotamia and Egypt?

The development of early civilizations depended heavily upon where it was located geographically and if this location proved to be any benefit to the people. Civilizations such as Mesopotamia and India where densely populated areas which saw new technological advances and innovations that added to their civilization’s advancement. Geographically, these two civilizations were comparable in nature due to their locations near rivers, which posed advantages as well as disadvantages. Mesopotamia and India differed in the aspect of the river’s effect it had on the soil which in turn affected the civilization’s agriculture.

The once unified India then entered a fragmented period and became disunified as independent states are founded. Even with disunity, India’s trade and, coinage, art, literature, and scientific advances caused the country to continue to flourish. The Maurya dynasty continued to fall after the murder of Ashoka’s great grandson Dasaratha by his general Pushyabhuti. This established the rule of the Shunga dynasty, but it wasn’t strong enough to maintain the empire. Many regions became their own independent states creating diversity with states within north, central, and south India. Even with disunity, the new states created diversity and different culture to India.

The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World inspired awe and fascination during their time. There are seven wonders of the ancient world. The list was made by Antipater of Sidon. The list was made because of many reasons. Size, how it was made or the beauty of it. The only wonder of the ancient world that is still standing is the Pyramids of Giza which are located in Egypt near Cairo. The Pyramids were built by slaves and are 481 feet tall.

The civilization of ancient Mesopotamia rose in the valley between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. The rivers were good for fishing and a good source of water. Some say that this fertile crescent was the real garden of Eden. The natural barriers it had was the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. King Nebuchadazzar was the one who developed the civilization. Herodotus was quoted as saying the following: “ in addition to its size baby ion surpasses in splendor any city in the known world. The walls they made was fifty six miles in length eighty feet thick and three hundred twenty feet high. The doors were able to let four house carriages to turn though at the same time. The Sumerians invented a number system from one to sixty and writing called Cuneiform. Even though their writing was hard to understand

Antipator created a list of awe inspiring structures that spanned a period of time, of approximately three thousand years (Banks “Preface”). The list came to be called the, Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, as each wonder was located in different areas of the world (Banks “Preface”). Europe could only claim one, two were in Africa, while three were located in Asia, leaving the final one on a small island south of Greece (Banks “Preface”). These structures were spoke of throughout time due to their magnificence and level of skill it took to create each masterpiece. Of the seven structures, only one still remains, the Great Pyramid of Giza, which also happens to be the oldest. Four of the remaining ancient wonders will

Both the Indus Valley civilization and Mesopotamia civilization were religiously based societies who focused on religion and valued it very much. But the two civilizations had different views on religion and also differed on what the gods and goddesses had control over. Also, the central point of the two civilizations’ cities varies, too.

Life was good in the Indus Valley, they were able to make their own clothes since spindles were found at the site. They grew their own food, food was plentiful, and they had many huge cities with numerous arts and craft, and craftsmen in their cities. They built homes in their cities, and they had livestock. This early civilization was quite advanced. They had religion and religious ceremonies. Their cities were so well planned that compared to our cities they were much better laid out. Anyhow, they had entertainment, and a very diverse cultural life. This civilization is truly marvelous and unique considering the

India has the 2nd largest population followed by the 7th largest land area. It is believed to be over 4000 years old. They border the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal. It is a vast country with rich natural resources and history. India was civilized by 500 B.C. They had a golden period under the Gupta Empire during 320 A.D. and 500 A.D. The British started ruling after Bahadur Shah II. India got their independence on August 15th, 1947.India’s population is more than 1.3 billion people as of 2016. Their multiple religions and cultures make India very culturally diverse. Climate varies from tropical monsoons in the south to sweltering suns in the north. Deserts are strewn

Mesopotamia’s development occurred because of the geography setting the land was in. The rivers and the fertile lands were the main factors of their development. Mesopotamia, also known as the Fertile Crescent, allowed humans to stay in one place and farm because of the fertile soil. The rivers were the water resource the Sumerians needed to survive. The Common Themes Theory applied to early cities in Mesopotamia Egypt when they had a human right problem involving food and water. So, they came up with a solution of inventing irrigation systems which had an effect of population changes in the small villages.

The ancient Indian empire, built upon peace and riches, has created many notable advancements in Indian history. The most notable time period was the Golden Age, the highlight of growth and military stability. Worshiping the god Vishnu has created a path of righteousness and protection, which inspired them to create a mindset of success. Through geographical influences, the Gupta Empire rose and thrived in technological advancements and discoveries, until sadly ending in cultural dispersion.