Analysis Of Eric Beck's First Depressive Episode

The Beck Depression Inventory- Second Edition (BDI-II) is a 21-item mental health instrument for assessing the occurrence and severity of depression in adults and adolescents, 13 years and older (Beck, Steer, & Brown, 1996, pg. 1). According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition the diagnostic criteria for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) includes: depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure, weight loss, insomnia or hypersomnia, fatigue or loss of energy, and feelings of worthlessness or guilt. The BDI-II accurately portrays questions addressing these diagnostic features within the instrument. The face validity shows the test is transparent and purports to measure what it claims. For example, question

An episode may psychotic delusions, or hallucinations. Mr. Z had mentioned before that his skin was falling and that his bowels were shutting down even though it was not true. Major depressive disorder is a severe pattern of depression that is disabling (not caused by drugs/medication condition). “This disorder can be categorized as seasonal if it changes with the seasons.” (pg.220) According to Mr. Z’s wife, his depressions have always occurred during the fall and winter.

To be diagnosed with major depressive disorder you need to have 5 out of the 9 symptoms they list which are, depressed mood or irritable, decreased interest or pleasure, significant weight or change in appetite, change in sleep, change in activity, fatigue or loss of energy, guilt/worthlessness, diminished concentration, and suicidality. You need to experience these symptoms for more than two weeks where these symptoms are present in nearly every day. Esther does experiences these symptoms through out the

A person with mixed episode can be diagnosed when a person experiences both a manic episode and a major depressive episode, promptly alternating with each other. A major depressive episode includes symptoms such as depressed mood, increased restless or decreased physical activity and feelings of worthlessness, among others.

According to the DSM-5, individuals who have a major depressive episode without history of mania are diagnosed with major depressive disorder (Comer, 2014, p. 175). Five or more symptoms of a major depressive episode must be present for a diagnosis. Andy’s symptom presentation included

A depressive episode is when the person is feeling very hopeless or very sad. A mixed state

Together, these contextual factors have intensified the patient's anxiety. Consequently, this intensifying of anxiety has caused an increase in the patient's irregular behavior used to alleviate his concerns. The patient, himself, has admitted that he knows his thoughts are “silly” and that those thoughts stem from his own mind. He also admits that he cannot control these thoughts that come about randomly.

Major Depressive Episodes are prominent in Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Disorder which can create difficultly to the differentiation of the both. As found in Forty et.al (2008)’s study, Major Depressive Episodes contributes to the optimum management of the two disorders, which they also suggest that it is of great clinical importance to be able to distinguish between them. (Kennedy, Lam, Parikh, Patten, & Ravindran, 2009). To have the best effect of treatment, a correct diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Disorder must be made, furthermore for an individual to be prescribed for the wrong treatment such as an antidepressant treatment for bipolar

She even had earned her college degree and finished two years of medical school. Unfortunately, one of her classmates has committed suicide and that made Robin non-functional in society. Some of her symptoms show that she suffered from bipolar depression and some symptoms show signs of schizophrenia. According to Worth, patients suffering from bipolar depression are easy to identify by inspecting their daily routine. They may suffer from daily mood swings, depression, inability to complete tasks and trouble at work. As it is mentioned in Robin’s clinical story, we noticed all of these symptoms she suffered from are in common with the ones Worth have mentioned in his article.

As someone who has struggled with a mental disorder, I can attest to how quickly a false psychological diagnosis can change someone and fluctuate. For instance, back when I was eighteen years old, I experienced feelings of mental uneasiness. As a result, I sought out professional help. After an intake session and a short two week break, I was informed that I showed signs of Major Depressive Disorder. Major Depressive Disorder is a mental disorder characterized by at least two weeks of low mood swings that is present across most situations. It is often accompanied by low self-esteem, loss of interest in normally enjoyable activities, low energy, and pain without a clear cause.

Client reported feeling down within the last month and using heroin to cope. Client also reported feeling better and motivated towards the end of the month. Client completed a Beck Depression Inventory in which he scored a 6 indicating normal ups and downs. Client VA records confirm a diagnosis for PTSD and the medication list includes, Sertraline and Setraline HCL, as well as methadone to which the client appears compliant. Client reported he is medication compliant. Client denied any S/I or H/I.

New mothers who complete a general depression scale, the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and have a baseline BDI-II scale of at least 11 within three months of delivery, will be included in this double-blind, placebo-controlled and randomized trial. Written informed consents will obtain from patients before entering into the study. Women will randomly assign, using a computer-generated code, to receive a pill of saffron 30 mg/day (BD) (who do not need pharmacotherapy) or a pill of placebo (BD) ((who do not need pharmacotherapy) or receive a pill of saffron 30 mg/day (BD) in addition to their current treatment regimen or receive a pill of placebo (BD) in addition to their current treatment regimen for 12-weeks. Every three week, participants

For an individual to have experienced a major depressive episode specific symptoms must last for a duration of at least two weeks where the person experiences depressed moods and showcase a lack of interest or pleasure in the majority of activities. In young adults and children the mood may seem more irritable than depressed, however this is not seen across all individuals. People suffering from this depressive state will also have to experience at least four additional symptoms for it to be classed as MDD, these can include; Fluctuations in weight; changes to the individuals sleep pattern, and psychomotor activity; feelings of worthlessness or guilt. Individuals may also find it difficult to think, concentrate, or to make decisions. Recurrent thoughts of death and/or suicide are also typical symptoms that an individual might have when suffering with MDD (DSM IV, 2005).

as they interpret the information. The two step theory of cognition includes the two steps, an

In 1961, psychiatrist Aaron Beck created an assessment that measures an individual’s severity of depression in asking questions that relate to affect and somatic symptoms. The questions ask about a variety of symptoms including mood change, feelings of hopelessness, to more physical symptoms such as insomnia and loss of appetite The Beck Depression Inventory is a 21-question survey that asks questions regarding a client’s risk of suicide and feelings about the future. The answering scale ranges from “never” experiencing a symptom to “always” experiencing a symptom. The BDI has been used as an initial evaluation of depressed clients for over fifty years, and is still today, one of the most frequently used and preferred tests to measure depressed client’s symptoms.