Analysis Of Alan Turing's Views On Morality

The fantasy of this moral based society roots itself in the misconception that human differences can be overcome on a large societal scale to generate group approval of a fundamental set of morals. This

Morality, as defined by the Oxford Dictionary, is the set of principles concerning the distinction of right and wrong or good and bad behavior. While determining the difference between right and wrong may seem simple, morality is a complex idea that can be framed and developed in a number of different ways. The novels I Am Legend by Richard Matheson and R.U.R. by Karel Čapek both examine the different ways in which moral beliefs can be developed and the possible implications of those beliefs. The method for critiquing morality within each of the two novels comes in the form of societal change. Through the establishment of a new societal order, both Matheson and Čapek demonstrate that moral issues can’t be fixed by simply replacing a broken society.

Men and women around the world put their lives on the line all in the name of either protecting their countries or protecting themselves. The act of taking someone’s life is viewed in many different ways depending on the situation, for example, it is okay when acting in defense such as a soldier is, but is not okay when done without cause or is premeditated. In cases where the defendant is found guilty of murder, many people are sentenced to death, in which there are many options to choose from to fulfill the death sentence. There are the electric chair, firing squads, gas chambers, hanging, or lethal injections . In experiment 1, we look at FMRI images when veterans look at simulations of death to see if the Lateral Orbitofrontal Cortex is activated and if there is associated guilt. In experiment 2, we will try to determine if these veterans view these men and women in charge of carrying out the execution the same as the murderer themselves in the sense that they both are taking a life by carrying out 3 experiments, testing intent, decisions, and response times. The results should hopefully shed some insight on the nature of moral beliefs.

The subject of morality and ethics is a topic that so many individuals have difficulty understanding: and practicing. Many factor come in to place when thinking of one’s knowledge to treat or behave in an ethical and moral way to consider the feeling of others. Thus, an individual’s culture, religion, and environment may hinder the general idea of morality. In the interview of Martin Luther King Jr: Speech Civil Disobedience and obeying Just vs Unjust laws; he discusses how some laws that have been created: do not make right just because there laws. Likewise, Michael Pollan: An Animal’s Place talks about animal cruelty, and how animals should been have the same rights as human beings. Additionally, new laws can be created to adjust to new ethical and moral laws; that would benefit the way of living for humans and animals.

Today, we live in a plural moral society. Moral pluralism suggests that everyone pursues their own ethical code and so the concepts of right and wrong must be relative and subjective. Plural societies

Nowadays people in their own minds have different ideas and systems of morality. Therefore morals that are already set, can be bended in some ways. Someone you know and are in favor of might’ve done something immoral, but your attitude towards that person may be positive so you decide that person must have a reason for what they did, making it somewhat okay. However if the situation where the other way around whereby your attitude towards someone else may be negative, and that person also did something immoral. You would ultimately decide that there is no reason to justify what that person did as it being somewhat okay. That is because your attitude towards them is different than your attitude towards the person you like. Madame Defarge in A Tale of Two Cities wants to destroy/murder not only the people that hurt her family, but everyone that is under that class. This situation is very immoral, but her reason for this is because those people hurt her family and put a lot of hardship on her. Some people can relate to her situation, so therefore even though they most likely know what Madame Defarge is doing is immoral they still go along, and do not really penalize her for her actions. All in all this shows how morality is judge to a certain extent and is between whether a person's actions are justifiable or

Morality, traditional culture and belief, is what is coupled with the human's all time. Since the ancient times to the present, every nation, every language has these are engaged. Which is what should be treated and hold for living. If none of these societies from ancient to present may not be the society to this day

Newsstands proclaim it. Talk shows trumpet it. Scandal, murder, and deception! People share a common disdain for these evils, scorning those who commit the dirty deeds. Laws are upheld to prevent people from doing “bad” things, but how do people come to an agreement on what is truly wrong? Even as society moves away from traditional teachings and perspectives, many acts are still universally looked down upon. Throughout history, the majority of civilizations have held surprisingly similar moral ideals regarding acceptable and unacceptable behavior. Although moral relativists believe that morality is individually determined, there is, in fact, an objective moral standard that governs all humanity, because a sense of right and wrong is universal, transcends time and culture, and is evident in the majority of people.

It can be termed the collective or common consciousness.” (Allan & Allan, 2005). The moral consensus can help the society become more stable and less argument. But it does not end the happening of crime and deviance, it only prevent these to happen, as long as everyone follow the norms and do not commit crime. Achieve any moral consensus is difficult, everyone have different opinions and perspective, the mind of people are complex. For example, some people disagrees homosexuality in society, but others may think homosexuality is a freedom of choice to their personal sexuality. People’s morality values depends on many factors, such as religion, culture background, education. Since there are not any moral consensus in the past, people can think critically from different perspectives or point of views. That is reason that the crime still necessary in this modern society, it distinguish the moral consensus and guide the pattern of the society, to allow the people within have a stable and peaceful life.

The norms in morals change very quickly, so updating and studying ethical theories are needed to keep up with society, IE: being homosexual was illegal in the late 1950’s but now, not only is being homosexual ethically acceptable, but same sex marriage is legally acceptable too.

Hume focused on the question does our morality come from our rational nature or our sentiment nature? According to Hume, the judgments and recommendations of morality arise not from reason, but from moral sense. Hume argued that virtue is always accompanied by a feeling of pleasure, and vice by a feeling of pain. Therefore, we praise an instance of virtuous action precisely because it stimulates in us a pleasing feeling, and we avoid committing a vicious action because we anticipate that doing so would yield pain. I don’t completely agree with Hume. I think that we equally need both sentiment and reasoning to make moral decisions. Our feelings provide a natural guide for moral conduct. I believe as human beings we rely on feelings to move us to act morally, and to ensure that our reasoning is not only logical but also humane. As people, we manifest empathy before developing our rational abilities, and there is evidence for the same order of development in the evolution of the human brain. Rousseau argued that once people have achieved awareness of themselves as social beings, morality also becomes possible and this relies on the further capacity of conscience. Morality, to him, has to do with the application of reason to human affairs and conduct which requires conscience. Rousseau viewed conscience as the mental ability that is the source of moral motivation. Rousseau praised humans in the state of nature. Though the human being is naturally good and free from the vices

Social values can relate to morality, especially in regards to moral theories that define morality by what society encourages and discourages. For this reason, social philosophy can overlap with morality and moral values”.

Western civilization is based on morality and cannot exist without it. Nevertheless, in that legal sense that we live, there is no law with consequences for those who want to consume alcohol or smoke socially. There is no law for cheating your spouse, for watching pornography or breaking the sabbath day. The relativism philosophy is making many people think that each person is free to choose for him or herself what is right and wrong. These ideas are changing morality, abortion is legal in many places, same gender marriage has legalized in many

The results show that some people think that it is acceptable to breach a moral rule, even one that allows killing innocent people. This reinforces the idea that people are not absolute deontologists, and this is similar to the issues observed in the catastrophe case. What is notable about the results is that people appreciate the recognisable difference between weak and all-in impermissibility. Moreover, the results show an independent mechanism for two underlying ideas relating to moral judgement. One shows that people are able to minimise bad outcomes and the other shows people have a set

Morality comes about in many different ways. For example, few would promote murdering little children, there are however a few humans that would do this with no moral qualms. In this case most people consider this bad and evil. In another era slavery was accepted and helping slaves was “immoral” by societies standards, however helping slaves is now a good and moral act in our modern perception. A different example is jingoistic patriotism, it is often thought of as a good trait, but there are people that dare to question such blind faith. Some morals are harder to accept because they contradict or overlap with other morals. These types of moral situations are at the heart of the greatest debates of our time. From my readings I have learned morality is a complex structure to maintain social cohesion and enhance survivability among social creatures. I think it is safe to assume that the moralities in human society are inherent and internal within us. What I mean is that the mechanism that creates morality is built into our genetics. Morals are subject to a wide range of applications and extremes and some societal moralities can be created from lies and false beliefs. They are subject to change and most are not absolute. What was once moral, for example slavery, is no longer moral today and thus we move on toward a more civil and moral human