Wednesday, April 13th authorities took custody of the Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak and his two sons, Gamal and Alaa. He is being held in Sharm el-Sheikh while authorities investigate his political crimes over the past thirty years, illicit gain, corruption allegations and particularly the deaths of hundreds of protesters during the uprising. Officials reported, Mubarak was not in the best of health after announcing he would not run for re-election, a precedent to his heart-attack during interrogation last Thursday. Mubarak is currently undergoing interrogation in an Sharm el-Sheikh hospital. Protesters worked continually during their three months of rallies and demonstrations to speak out against Mubarak's thirty year reign of …show more content…
It's rigged elections and we all know the results before it starts.” One of the opposing candidates demanded a repeat of the election. To avoid rebellion, the government convicted him of forgery and sentenced him to five years of hard labor. The U.S. was especially troubled by these corrupt actions. The corruption after the re-election was devastating. “You can say I never knew or experienced any other regime, I can summarize it in one word CORRUPTION in everything in our life,” said Hanan. The government has a tight grip on the people. Hanan explained the difficulty,“I know I can't do any legal governmental paper work without paying a bribe. If not it will take longer or might not [get] done.” Many opposing political figures and young activists became imprisoned without trials. The State Security Intelligence (SSI) kept the Egyptians locked in fear for years. The Emergency law allowed the SSI to violate human rights of the accused without a trial. The government maintained control over many of Egypt's primary economic levers such as banking, tourism oil, the Suez Canal, manufacturing, media, etc. These government employees are underpaid wreaking havoc on Egypt's economy, rapidly dissolving the middle class. Doctor Hosam says: “It was a cumulative series of injustice over 30 years and more ending by monopolizing the senate house elections. Egyptian people were treated badly and corruption was disseminating to
Hannah Arendt, the author of The Origins of Totalitarianism, talks about totalitarianism and what it looked like. She describes how the Nazi’s ran their government by dehumanizing an individual, group and how they took control over the masses in Germany. In this piece of work, the final chapter “Total Domination”, also contributes to what it means to be under the rule of a totalitarian government. She goes on about how total domination can be achieved if “every person can be reduced to a never-changing identity of reactions” (Hannah Arendt’s “Total Domination”). Recently, eastern countries have had revolutions because of totalitarian style governments doing whatever they please. Two recent revolutions from Syria and Libya have shown that these types of governments will not be tolerated. Even Egypt has had its fair share of trouble as well. Hannah Arendt would have applauded the recent revolutions in Syria and Libya because in Libya it began when a human rights lawyer was arrested, both were done to fight for political change, and in Syria it was also done for a better economy. Arendt’s idea of total domination cannot be seen in Hosni Mubarak’s rule over Egypt.
Torture and Democracy written by Darius M. Rejali, delves into the complexity of torture that exists and has existed throughout the world. Published in 2007 by Princeton University Press in New Jersey, the book is an excellent resource for not just educators but, students and individuals interested in political science alike. Torture and Democracy, ISBN: 978-0-691-14333-0, is priced at $48.43 on Amazon.com for a paperback edition. The book has 849 pages that include appendixes in the latter section for readers to review references, notes, index, and other pertinent information that may have needed further explanation throughout the text. Darius Rejali is an accredited professor of political science at Reed College located in Oregon (Rejali 2007). Through his exquisite work and evaluation of torture records, Rejali is recognized as an expert on modern torture internationally (Rejali 2007). In Torture and Democracy, Rejali develops his thesis that torture in democratic states are prevalent even though it seems nonexistent. He argues that through techniques that are performed in such a way that leaves no marks on the
This led to scarce food supplies, forced labor, and mistreatment of the peasantry, so Egypt was ready for a revolt at the end of the war. The Egyptian nationalist elites decided to form a Wafd (meaning ‘delegation’ in Arabic) party under the leader Sa’d Zaghlul that rid the British in 1936 from the Suez Canal. However, they did very little to alleviate the misery of the majority. Rather, Egyptian politicians held office just to increase their own family fortune and had no time for land reforms and public works projects that the peasantry desperately needed. Thus, the Egytian revolution led to backwardness.
It was believed by many people that Morsi done very little to change the country. I do believe Morsi was the president who was going to take the country forward because he strengthened Egypt’s links with other countries. Through the influence of the deep state president Morsi was put across as being a bad president. There is a website – morsimeter.com which recorded the progress of the president through his first 100 days of presidency from the website it is clear that president Morsi was continuously making changes in the country. Morsi was the right president for the country. He wanted to do what was best for the country however the deep state didn’t provide him with the cooperation that he needed. I fully understand why people would protest against Morsi especially when they think he ordered the killing of his own people. In the end the military has ended up killing Egyptian citizens, who is there to stop them now? They arrested Morsi for allegedly doing something they are now doing themselves. Whether Morsi was a good president or not it doesn’t really matter the Military should not involve themselves, the military coup defeated the purpose of democracy and in my mind has put Egypt back to square one.
It lead to abolishing the constitutional monarchy and aristocracy of Egypt and Sudan, establish a republic and end the British occupation of the country. The loss of 1948 war with Israel led to the free officers' blame of the King and their promotion of a corrupted feeling among the Egyptian people. General Mohammad Neguib sent a message to King Farouk on 26 July upon the king's abdication. He supplied a synopsis of the reasons for the revolution. “In view of what the country has suffered in the recent past, the complete vacuity prevailing in all corners as a result of your bad behavior, your toying with the constitution, and your disdain for the wants of the people, no one rests assured of life, livelihood, and honor. Egypt's reputation among the peoples of the world has been debased as a result of your excesses in these areas to the extent that traitors and bribe-takers find protection beneath your shadow in addition to security, excessive wealth, and many extravagances at the expense of the hungry and impoverished people. You manifested this during and after the Palestine War in the corrupt
The government had undergone a shift after Mubarak’s removal from power, and the book illuminates the unthinkable changes
Almost a year ago, Egypt broke into civil unrest when protesters flooded Tahrir Square, demanding the end of Hosnia Mubarak’s regime. Although Mubarak stepped down within two weeks, Egypt is worse off today than it was last January. The Supreme Council of Armed Forces (SCAF), which played a vital role in the January revolution, has now become a violent and oppressive force. On the twenty-ninth of December 2011, the SCAF raided seventeen Egyptian, German, and US run NGOs in search of proof of illegal foreign funding.1 In a statement (A/HRC/18/NGO/77) submitted by the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies (CIHRS), the Egyptian Organization for Human Rights (EOHR), and the Center for Egyptian Women’s
The diversion of power went from the pharaoh to more of the common people, so they were not as affected as much as the court of the king seemed to be. After the death of the last king, the first to be titled ‘woman-pharaoh’, Sobkneferu[23], and the powerful Twelfth Dynasty ended, Egypt left
According to (Hornton) “'Egypt has passed through a critical period in her recent history characterized by bribery, mischief, and the absence of governmental stability. All of these were factors that had a large influence on the army.” Mischief and absence of government stability was because of King Farouk and his lack of actually “governing” the country. King Farouk was very ignorant and corrupt
Under that ‘state of emergency’, the government has the right to imprison individuals for any period of time, and for virtually no reason, thus keeping them in prisons without trials for any period. The political police may use intimidation, arbitrary arrest, torture and execution. It infiltrates other coercive agencies of the state, such as the regular police and the armed forces, to ensure their compliance. ” this state of emergency causing strong dissatisfaction of Egyptian, the citizens live under monitoring and political terror, human rights and political rights could not be gained.
The era of Elizabeth called Sisi was very chaotic. Monarchy and liberalism were combatting, the rule of the old world and new world were combatting. Everything was vain; everything was going to change. And many of those had fate of disappearing.
In late 2010, a Tunisian named Bouazizi set himself on fire in protest against the poor economic situation in which he was living (CNN, 2011). Other Tunisians soon took the opportunity to resist their government and possible overthrow the leadership of Ben Ali. They took it as their responsibility to fight for the common good. Simple demonstration against the Tunisian government soon went ahead to an extent that Ben Ali had to leave the country. The events that followed the departures of the Tunisian president were the least expected. The revolts in Tunisia spurred citizens of other Arab nations to revolt against their governments. By the end of the years 2011, the Arab spring had claimed the presidency of three long serving presidents and
A revolutionary wave of demonstrations and protests (both violent and non-violent), riots, and civil wars in the Arab World that began on 18 December 2010, later gained the heading “The Arab spring”. The Arab spring began by a twenty six year old boy named Mohammed Bouazizi was getting ready to sell fruits and vegetables in a rural town of Sidi Bouzid Tunisia. Bouazizi was the primary supporter for his widowed mother and six of his siblings. The entire incident originated when the police officer asked bouazizi to hand over his wooden cart, he refused the police women allegedly slapped him after being publicly humiliated bouazizi marched in front of a government building and set himself on fire. The Jasmine revolution in Tunisia, the shock wave swept across the country which threatened the stability of this oil-rich region with repercussion felt internationally. After the world witnessed what happened in Tunisia, it caused a spilled over into most of the Arab countries. Such as Egypt, Libya Syria and Yemen. Aim of this paper is to show that the current situation corollary of decades of failed policies, exacerbated by an unsolicited foreign intervention. The extensive consequences, I will argue, require cautious attention and careful management from international communities as well as the Arab human rights committee. This paper seeks to explore the profound causes that prompted the so called “Arab awakening” and the covert hidden agenda behind the sudden pro democratic
“When dictatorship is a fact, revolution becomes a right” is a quote from Victor Hugo that symbolizes the new age of human rights. Over the years, countries around the world have witnessed terrifying yet life-changing revolutions, but no one in history had expected for such a quick and sudden revolution to begin like the Arab Spring. The Arab Spring has allowed people, particularly in the Middle East and North Africa, to speak out for what they believe in today. Many laws have been overturned due to the amount of pressure the people are putting on their government. One revolution started it all, and ever since then, we have realized many of the biggest protests in history, the rise and downfalls of the economy, a different side to the
Egypt had limited crossroads to choose from ever since its been announced a Republic 1952, the most recent was the ERSAP program that was considered by then the chemotherapy for treating the economic diseases (Giugale, 1993). The metaphor did not recognize the recent scientific fact that the painful therapy has to be accompanied by drastic dietary, psychological, and attitude changes for the treatment to be effectual. In chemotherapy, a patient had to limit consumption of carbohydrates and sugar which were proved to hinder effectiveness of the treatment, and exacerbates its side effects. These facts were known by experiments in the R&D in labs of major pharmaceutical companies, in addition to introduction of some alternative medicine like Homeopathy or Riki. But major IFIs did not do their job in investing some R&D in their offices to know why they failed in the 1980s, before imposing the same patterns on new countries in the 1990s. Resistance to reform was due to lack of political will, or political change to suit the introduced reforms (Parfitt, p. 8). Other cases resistance to change was to prevent any social unrest (Salevurakis & Abdel-Halim, 2008), some signs of conflicting interests within governments and with the international partners (Adams & Page, 2003) that caused counter actions against efficient implementation, and finally clear signs of corruption that were ignored in order to proceed with the program, despite the