Maglione, Mcglynn, & Gellad, 2011). Lastly, some of the research articles did not carry out an experiment in depression; they had paper idea themes written down referencing other research articles. Meaning that the research was not conducted by the person writing the article, but was referencing someone else’s work. CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF THE EVIDENCE Strength of the Evidence According to Evidence Hierarchies Evidence Based Practice hierarchies rank research articles based on their quality and accuracy. The evidence hierarchy allows you to choose from the best research evidence from top to bottom based on the significance of the research article. Meta Analysis is on top of the hierarchy followed by random controlled trials, quantitative evaluation & design, pretest-posttest design, posttest only design, qualitative case design, and clinical wisdom (E. Weiss, personal communications, September 9, 2016). Systematic reviews and meta-analysis are on the top of the hierarchy and were conducted on the study from Grenard et al. (2011). However, the research designs by Bayliss and Holttum, (2015), a qualitative (quasi-experimental) design was listed on the bottom of the hierarchical triangle, meaning the articles evidence are low in strength. In addition, the single case study by Cromarty, Jonsson, Moorhead, & Freeston, (2011), was also listed on the bottom of the hierarchal triangle, which is also ranked low in strength. The social worker also encountered rigorous studies that
An annotated bibliography is a catalogue of citations to books, documents and articles with the purpose of the annotation being to inform the reader of the precision, relevance and quality of the sources cited (Davis, 2009). Evidence based practice enables health care professionals to effectively use current verification during the decision-making procedure (Sacket et al 2000). Healthcare professionals use a hierarchy of evidence as a guide to define the reliability and importance of the evidence based research; with the evidence that is founded further upon
While research has long paralleled medicine, the use of strong research evidence as the basis for clinical action is more recent (Houser, 2015). The historically accepted hierarchy of evidence separates evidence into levels of trust, from highest to lowest (Greenhalgh, 2010):
Literature reviews provide adequate supporting evidence for the evidence-based practice (EBP) process (Cowell, 2016). By using the information obtained from the literature review, that supports the topic, one can evaluate a situation and arrive at the problem that needs a solution. Therefore, an appropriate technique is necessary when searching for the right literature and evidence (Cowell, 2016).
While research has long paralleled medicine, the use of strong research evidence as the basis for clinical action is more recent (Houser, 2015). The historically accepted hierarchy of evidence separates evidence into levels of trust, from highest to lowest (Greenhalgh, 2010):
The evidence hierarchy is a ranking that distinguish the types of research evidence based on the strength of the evidence itself (Polit & Beck, 2012). It is mostly applicable to the research questions regarding the effects of clinical interventions. The evidence that are ranked based on the evidence that uses appropriate research methods, rigorously reviewed with minimized biases and has great clinical implications. The strongest evidence based on the evidence hierarchy is systematic reviews, which draws conclusions from many randomized controlled trails (Polit & Beck, 2012).
This rating scale is used to determine whether or not research is worth putting into practice. During the appraisal of research, there is a different level of evidence that is taking into consideration. There is three quality rating with five different categories. The quality rating is graded from high, good, and low or major flaw level of evidence. A high-quality research requires the study to be well structured and organized with all the necessary elements and definite conclusion. Research is considered good when the result is within normal limits and the conclusion although not conclusive can lead to more research. Lastly, a low-quality rating did not provide much information and stayed inconclusive (Dearholt.& Dang, 2012, p. 12P). There is five level of evidence in which research can fall under. The level is from I to V. the level I includes all systematic review researches that are experimental with a randomized controlled trial. These researches might be randomized with or without meta-analysis.
Millions of Americans suffer from clinical depression each year. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) (2017), 322 million people are affected by depression around the world. Concerning industrialized Western world countries, it remains as the number one psychological disorder affecting its population (WHO, 2017). Most clinicians begin primarily with prescribing either pharmacologic or psychotherapy interventions. With billions of dollars spent in revue on treating depression (Chisholm, Sweeny, and Sheehan, 2016), exercise used as treatment in reaction to mental illness is often overlooked by mainstream health care professionals. However, it has been proved by recent research exercise acts as both a preventive and reactive
"Men pray to the gods for health and they ignore that it is in their power to have it."
Many people feel apprehensive and miserable every now and then, but when does it take over their whole lives? Losing a loved one, doing poorly in school or work, being bullied and other hardships might lead a person to feel sad, lonely, scared, nervous and/or anxious. Some people experience this on an everyday basis, sometimes even or no reason at all. Those people might have an anxiety disorder, depression, or both. It is highly likely for someone with an anxiety disorder to also be suffering from depression, or the other way around. 50% of those diagnosed with depression are also diagnosed with an anxiety disorder.
Although it is a systematic review, some of the research utilized were qualitative studies. The studies reviewed were a quasi-experimental study, a randomized descriptive study, a qualitative descriptive study, and a literature review. All were described in detail as a basis for the study performed in the article. The other studies used for research purposes in this study included one randomized controlled trial (RCT), one quasi-experimental study, one qualitative study, and three literature reviews. If all the studies used for research in the article were RCT’s or “a combination of RCT’s and quasi-experimental or quasi-experimental only” (jhnebp) this research would have garnered a ranking of level I or level II. The inclusion of even one qualitative study dropped the ranking to level
Depression has numerous causes and effects which affect not only the person but the people around them. Depression doesn’t have a specific cause; in most cases it’s different for everyone. It is a common, treatable mental illness that can be experienced at any time in life. It is often described with feeling sad, unhappy, miserable, or “down in the dumps”. Most people have these feelings on occasion. There are several types of depression. These different types of depression describe slight, but often important, diagnostic differences. True clinical depression interferes with mood disorder in everyday life for weeks, months, or even years. Most people think depression affects only one
Depression has been a part of our lives for as long as humans have been on the earth. Everyone has had days when nothing was going right. But it all depends with an individual how to handled this adversity and how depressed that person becomes.
Depression is one of the many problems that International Students face. It's a problem that affects their day to activities and if left unattended can cause a lot of harm. It is called the 'common cold' of mental illness (Mental Health Info &Links, 2001). Depression was compared with 100 other diseases and it was ranked fourth in the global burden by the World Health Organisation (WHO). There is a fear that it might rise to second it diagnosis, treatment or prevention is not improved. Depression causes suffering and anguish for individuals, families, friends and communities. Families and employers expand both personal and economic resources to deal with the person’s depression and depressive symptoms. A major concern it that early
Today’s teenagers are faced with the ever changing world around them and the biological changes of their bodies. Many teens are also faced with depression. Approximately half of teenagers with untreated depression may attempt suicide, which remains the third leading cause of death in this age group. (Bostic). This depression affects their school, family lives, and robs them of their self image. Depression affects many teens and often goes by unnoticed and untreated.
The term depression is widely misused in today’s society. All human beings experience periods in life where they are sad for a relatively short period of time, which is considered normal. Those who experience sadness for extended periods may be suffering from depression. Two terms used to reference the classifications of depression, are Major Depressive Disorder, and Dysthymia. Individual diagnosis of these classifications is dependent on the length of time, and severity of symptoms experienced by the individual. The causes for these depressive states can be due to genetics or the insufficient production of neurotransmitters, which provide the brain with the data necessary to regulate one's psychological well being. Two examples