America 's Big, Wild Animals

Luckily, humans have put in efforts to understand and sometimes reverse the damage done. Wilcove describes ecosystem restoration, where usually humans put concentrated effort into recreating original habitats to restore indigenous populations. This is, unless “a very different assemblage of species has taken hold of the land and cannot be dislodged,” also known as a new “steady state” (Wilcove, 2000, p. 12). Wilcove himself joined the effort by studying the impacts humans have caused on woodland critters. He surveyed an area in Maryland to detect predators by setting cardboard coated in masonry powder to record footprints. He concluded that there were “six predators: opossum, raccoon, striped skunk, dog, cat, and blue jay. All are animals that benefit mightily from their association with people”(Wilcove, 2000, p. 42). He also mentions how extensive data can only be collected when looking at the observations of many people over the generations. He talks about “generational blindness,” which means how observers of a current generation cannot make conclusions on populations without the help of data collected from the past (Wilcove, 2000, p. 13).

This last week in Professor Acebedo-Gonzalez’s class we read Chapter 1 in The Wilding of America: Money, Mayhem and the New American Dream. In the beginning of Chapter 1, Charles Derber gives us a clear idea of what “wilding” is and the different types of wilding that exist today. According to the book, wilding is “self-interested or self-indulgent behavior that hurts others and weakens the social fabric” (Derber, p.11). Also described in the book are four types of wilding: expressive, instrumental, incipient, and petty wilding. Derber however, focuses on one and is concerned with one in particular: instrumental wilding. It’s the type of wilding in which is most connected with Americans and the American Dream, and no one realizes what effect it can have on each other (Derber, p.7). Throughout the chapter, Derber provides stories as examples for each type of wilding that supports the definitions. On page 7 he states, “A wilding epidemic tears at the social fabric and threatens to unravel society itself, ultimately reflecting the erosion of the

Humans played a major role in the extinction of large mammals because hunters possibly killed them off. They were also slaughtered with knives and stampeded over cliffs at that time at which their species became less and less. to extinction in a period already providing great stress due to the receding ice sheets as the last glacial maximum came to an end. Later, this would mean a lack of analogues

In a summary, Kolbert explains the extinctions of a variety of different major animal species that became extinct. She also explains that if trends in the environment continue that the biggest extinction in history will occur soon. If global warming, deforestation, and glaciers continue to melt she says that more and more species will continue to become extinct. She explains how humans need to be more conservative and careful with what they’re doing to prevent extinction.

The goat was the first ruminant to be domesticated. A ruminant is an animal that has more than one compartment in the stomach. Goats began arriving in Plymouth in 1623. In A History of Domesticated Animals, goats were a good source for milk, meat, hides, and some

For almost as long as humans have been on Earth, we have changed landscapes drastically to suit our needs, historically often without regard to the damage caused in the process. This has changed over time, with the passing of legislation like the Endangered Species Act and the Clean Water Act, the creation of national and state parks, and efforts being made to restore degraded ecosystems. While we may never see perfect natural systems again, especially in areas heavily populated by humans, reconciliation is possible. Reconciliation ecology takes the concepts of restoration ecology, in which managers seek to restore an ecosystem to how it used to be at a particular time, and combines them with inevitable human presence. It uses these factors

The Holocene is long gone and the Anthropocene, an epoch marked by human progress and environmental decay, has begun. Pronounced human activity has led to rising carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and methane concentrations that disproportionately affect terrestrial and marine life (Kolbert 108). We have outcompeted marine predators with our fisheries and led many to extinction with our fertilization practices. Horrified, the Conservation Movement has attempted to influence the way Americans act towards nature, but its mission; to “preserve and protect America’s wildlife” remains an idea that the average citizen is a stranger to. In view of a possible “Sixth Extinction,” it is imperative that biodiversity is preserved by incorporating rewilding techniques

Occurring about 12,800 years ago, The Younger Dryas Climate Event was an abrupt climate change that dropped the Earth temperature by about 10 degrees, bringing dry winds (“Abrupt Climate Change”, 2003). This event followed a warming trend that had resulted in glacier melting. As the melting water filtered down the Mississippi and into the Gulf of Mexico, its route suddenly diverted, carrying the water east into the Atlantic Ocean. This change in the water path disrupted both the salinity and the flow in the ocean system, thus changing the climate of the Northern region. Unfortunately, 30 species of animals became extinct as a result of the changes, and nearly 80 percent of North America’s large animals disappeared (video). Ending abruptly, the Younger Dryas officially

When sometimes around twelve thousand years ago climate started to become warmer and ice started to melt, it created a great allowance for ancient hunters to reach North America. Native Americans started to hunt in the wider areas and supply their community with a lot of meat. When people started to have more food, especially meat that caused a fast growth of population. For some unknown reasons, at the same time big mammals and mastodons started to disappear from the Earth. It is a possibility that the climate warming and lack of water sources played a role of the disappearance these big animals. Lack of water put animals in the situation when survival is not possible. The climate change also made a big adjustment in human’s ration and style of life. When people started to spread to North America, they discovered a lot of new food sources like small animals, fish, different kind of nuts and berries.

In contrast to the upheaval of animals in a development area, humans also make efforts to preserve biodiversity and forests by creating wild life

These animals look like bulls. They are dark gray or black. These large animals have two horns and they belong to Bovidae family. They are herbivores and eat vegetation especially grass, herbs and aquatic plants. There are two species: the African and Asian. The ones living in Asia mostly spend their time in water and they have large hooves to prevent them form sinking into mud at the bottom of the river, swamps and ponds. The ones living in Africa live near water resources in grasslands, savannas and swamps. They like to have a nap under trees and graze in the cool air at night.

Summary and Critique of Twilight of the Mammoths: Ice Age Extinctions and the Rewilding of America

Bill Freedmen, author of “Endangered Species—Human Causes Of Extinction and Endangerment” notes, “scientists approximate that present extinction rates are 1,000 to 10,000 times higher than the average natural extinction rate.” These distressing numbers should be acted upon to save the endangered species and avoid the catastrophic change to this planet if these species were to become extinct. In order to produce change, people need to recognize that habitat loss, climate change, and poaching are all factors in why our animal species are going extinct.

The conquering and development of natural land has in the past, been seen as a mark of human civilization. In the United States, our progress is often measured by growth and development, but should this be re-examined? There are many opinions on the subject of urban sprawl and its effects on wildlife, but one thing is for certain, we are expanding. From 1955 to 2005, urban and suburban areas grew by 300%, however, the population only increased by 75% over the same period (Ewing, Kostyack and Chen). According to NatureServe, a non-profit conservation organization, urban sprawl threatens one of every three endangered species in the United States. NatureServe’s analysis states, “rare and endangered species data shows that three-fifths (60

The scale and pace of change is dramatic; for example, the extinction of species is occurring at around 100-fold pre-human rates4. The population sizes of vertebrate species have, on average, declined by half over the last 45 years5. More than 2.3 million km2 of primary forest has been felled since 20006. About