In this experiment, alum was synthesized from aluminum. The goal was to calculate the number if water moles that are part of alum’s crystalized structure. This research into the number of moles of water in alum’s structure is important because the number of moles of water within the alum contribute to it’s structure. Alum is a hydrated crystal, or a number of hydrates bonded to an ion that can also be referred to as potassium aluminum sulfate dodecahydrate. There are 12 hydrates bonded to the potassium aluminum sulfate ion. Alum is also a double salt, because it contains two cations: potassium and aluminum. Aluminum has a plethora of uses from household objects such as kettles and door knobs to construction where it is used to construct bridges, …show more content…
Potassium hydroxide was added to aluminum and water, forming potassium aluminum hydroxide and hydrogen gas. Sulfuric acid was then added to the previous product, forming alum and water. Research by Kebbi State University’s A.U Birnin- Yauri and Musa Aliyu is being done in concern to how aluminum waste can be converted into alum as a environmentally friendly way of reducing pollution and producing a useful product in alum. This method is more environmentally friendly and cost effective then synthesizing new aluminum. Alum can be used as baking powder, for pickling, leather tanning, in paper production, and water purification amongst other things. Recycling aluminum to alum can reduce carbon dioxide production by 95% as opposed to synthesizing aluminum. As aluminum ore is being depleted, and pollution is an ever-growing dilemma, disposing of soda cans and scrap aluminum is crucial to preserving the environment. Synthesizing alum, a useful substance could provide a solution to the pollution scrap aluminum presents. Harshita Sachdeva, Diksha Dwivedi, and Rekha Saroj of the Mody Institute of Technology and science in India have done research on alum as a green solution to a catalyst to break down and reduce waste. Typically, hazardous solvents are used to break down waste, however alum is being investigated to be used as a catalyst in organic synthesis. The benefits to using alum include its tendency to be environmentally and cost friendly. The institutes research is researching how alum can replace otherwise toxic, damaging catalysts in synthesis reactions because it is a safe material in low doses. This experiment complements both of these research projects through the understanding of how alum is produced from aluminum. This supplements the research being done at Kebbi State because aluminum waste is a growing concern, and
We packed the powdered alum into a capillary then dropped it onto the lab table to make it move to the bottom. My group then strapped the tube onto a thermometer using a rubber band. Next, we clamped the thermometer with the capillary tube onto a ring stand with a rubber stopper. We dipped the thermometer and tube into a Thiele melting point tube that held silicon oil inside of it. My group heated the tube with a bunsen burner and waited for the powdered alum to melt from the capillary tube. We recorded the temperature at which the alum disappeared from the tube to get our melting point. This whole process was repeated to find a more accurate melting point than the first
The purpose of this study was to conduct a Diels-Alder reaction with the reactants, anthracene-9-methanol and N-methylmaleimide, in conjunction with the principles and metrics of green chemistry: increasing atom economy, utilizing safer solvents, and preventing pollution.1 Upon completion of the calculation, the atom economy and percent yield were found to be 100% and 4.88% respectively. Subsequently, melting point range analysis yielded a melting range of 218-220℃. These findings could be useful for individuals looking to maximize the percent yield for other Diels-Alder reaction while utilizing benign green reagents and solvents.
Lab Title: Synthesis, Decomposition, Single Displacement and Double Replacement Chemical Reactions Purpose: The objective of lab four was to use the website Late Nite Labs to determine types of chemical reactions. Combining and/or heating various compounds, observing the reactions and balancing equations for the chemicals involved, reveals the chemical reactions. Materials: A computer, Internet, calculator and access to Late Nite Labs.
Baur, Richard C., et al. 2009, Investigation 7: How Can The Waste Be Made Useful?, Lab Inquiry in Chemistry. Belmont: Brooks/Cole, 2009.
This experiment was performed in order to better increase our chemical lab knowledge in the areas of separation of distinct compounds, and it helped further our ability to observe chemical reactions as compounds are heated and chilled. The class was asked by the ERA to help discover if aluminum from soda cans can be used to
The law of conservation of mass was proven to show that mistakes during the lab like adding to much zinc can alter the final sample results. After going through each reaction it was clear that there are many ways to express chemical reactions, their states, and the transitions made for any transitional element. I also learned that the use of copper can be vast and recyclable. This will help save the college money on lab supplies. If we apply the science of the copper cycle to business and global industries we can make use of matter without
The four kinds of chemical reactions are synthesis, decomposition, single-displacement and double-displacement. Materials: Bunsen burner, sparker, tongs, 5 test tubes, scoop, wooden splint, lead(II)nitrate, magnesium wire, copper(II) carbonate, hydrochloric acid, zinc, potassium iodide, test tube tack, googles, apron, gloves and a metal test tube holder. Methods: Experiment 1: Synthesis 1, Obtain a piece of magnesium wire.
[4+2] Cycloaddition: The Diels-Alder Reaction Brittany Patmon Procedures completed with: Ahria Rachell, Cody Leonard, and Luke Harrison TA: Joseph Osazee April 10, 2016 Abstract: Introduction: In 1950, Otto Diels and Kurt Alder, a research student under Diels, were awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their work on the discovery of a reaction that is commonly practiced still to this day1. The reaction that is presently known as Diels-Alder reaction involves dienes reacting with alkenes to form cyclic compounds1.
In this experiment, metathesis, redox, single displacement, and decomposition reactions were observed and recorded to follow the path of recycled aluminum. The percent yield of the aluminum was also calculated to compare the actual yield with the theoretical yield. The entire concept of aluminum recycling was also observed and successfully reproduced.
Introduction. Alum can be specific to one compound,
The whole process took about nine seconds. Magnesium mixed with sodium hydroxide solution: No reaction happened. Aluminum mixed with hydrochloric acid: The decomposition of the metal progressed slower than that of magnesium, with the solution turning metallic in color at about 15 seconds, then turning transparent near the end of its decomposition.
Alumina Inc. is $4 billion manufacturing company operating in eight different countries around the world with the United States accounting for nearly 70% of their sales. Based in Erehwon near Lake Dira they manufacture packaging materials for the automotive industry, bauxite mining, alumina refining and aluminum smelting. The key players of the organization are Roger Lloyd Chairman, Chris Blake COO, Diane Richards Head of Public Relations and Arthur Todd Legal Council. Like many companies, Alumina is regulated by the National Environmental Policy Act (EPA) organization and fall under the jurisdiction of region six, the Clean Water Act.
Claim: Aluminum (Al) and copper chloride (CuCl2) reacted to form aluminum chloride (AlCl3) and copper (Cu). Evidence: The aluminum reacted to form a rusty, red material, which testing revealed to be copper. Because placing copper in a fire turns the flame bright green, burning the red material would confirm whether or not it was copper. The resulting flame showed a bright streak green, proving that it was copper.
Over 2/3 of all aluminum ever created is still in use. Most of the 1/3 not still in use is aluminum cans in landfills.
An unknown material can be determined by using simple chemical tests and separations which is called as inorganic qualitative analysis. The separation of cations depends on the difference in their propensity to form precipitates. Separation scheme is used to classify cation into five groups on the basis of their physical and chemical behavior opposed to some reagents. Classification is based on whether there is formation of precipitates or not when metal cations react with the reagent. The five groups of cations and the characteristics of these groups are as follows: