1. Because of the increased amount of policies in places that favor populations-based alcohol screening in primary care, this qualitative research aimed to finding ways to understand the factors that might contribute to low sensitivity of alcohol screening. Even though, the Veterans Affairs (VA) Office had a high success rate of screenings using an electronic clinical reminder to prompt and facilitate screening and documents results, the sensitivity for alcohol screening for identifying unhealthy alcohol use was still low in VA clinics. Researchers used observational method to conduct the research. While the clinical staff conducts alcohol screening, the observers observed the process and taking hand written notes which were transcribed and …show more content…
The clinical staffs that were responsible for alcohol screening were recruited opportunistically at each site and asked for permission to be observed during their usual course of clinical care. Given that the clinical staffs were willing to be observed, it allowed the observers to freely observe and take notes without having to worry for any projected objections from the staff with their observational findings. At the end, the participating clinical staff occasionally offered their opinions regarding clinical reminders and or alcohol screening and these were also documented in the observer’s notes. One of the major stated strength of the observation strengths was that all the observers were Masters Level; having the ability to take notes of the use of clinical reminders and alcohol screening while observing was detrimental at the end to identify why using clinical reminders lowered the sensitivity of the screening process. By using the observation method, the observers identified three themes specific to alcohol screening. First, most screening was conducted verbally, guided by the clinical reminder either on laminated papers or paper based. Second, specific verbal screening practices were identified as a contribution to low sensitivity of clinical screening for instances the clinical staff were making assumptions or suggestions to input responses of …show more content…
It is also imperative to reevaluate the purpose of the research and its methods of how to go about doing it. The fact that there was no consideration of the patient as another party in the research was big loophole in the research. Moreover, I think the results were biased because the clinical staffs were briefed on the purpose before the observation. It left rooms for the participant to circumvent its screening approach to fit the study. Evaluating this research opened my mind to understanding researches results just by looking at the approached being used. In which helps me to answer my practice-based question. 4. Definitely the information I learned from the qualitative approach is deeper than the experimental and quasi-experimental designs. Understanding the purpose of the research and Unaware of the directions that will be presented totally makes a huge difference with the findings. With the qualitative research, the problem is known and it is being identified. But with quasi and experimental designs, it seems like a hit and miss
A review of the proposed participants of the study will ensure high-risk groups (if any) will be considered as per the National Statement on Ethical Conduct in Human Research (‘National Statement’; NHMRC, 2007). While some of these high-risk
In response to an estimated thirteen thousand people being killed each year in drunk driving crashes (Weir), the New York State Department of Motor Vehicles’ Campaign to Prevent Drunk Driving is proposing a project that will focus on four important methods in order to combat this terrible crime: require ignition interlocks for all convicted drunk drivers to prove they are sober before driving; support law enforcement to discourage people from driving drunk; support the expansion of motor vehicle technology to determine whether or not a driver is above the legal limit of 0.08 before driving; and encourage a Drinking Driver Program that will educate those already convicted of a drunk driving on their alcohol choices. With the approval of the Head of the New York State Department of Motor Vehicles and an
Both studies received ethical approval from the appropriate committee to ensure confidentiality and to ensure that the participants right were respected throughout (Moule and Hek,2006). Ethics is the norm of conduct that differentiates acceptable and nonacceptable behaviour in research (Davies, 2015). Atici and Erdemir, (2008) and Aveyard (2010) highlighted that all research should have a clear aim and objective to make it easy to meet all ethical standards. However, Burns and Grove (2002) argues the importance to critically analyze the ethical elements of any research to rule out any scientific misconduct. This is in accordance with the RCN which also confirms a fundamental part of nursing research to be the consideration of ethical factors(RCN,2009). Confidentiality was maintained in Moser et al (2008) by using code numbers for participants identification while Rise et al
Screening is a quick overview, which comprises a single measurement, done for the explicit intention of determining whether deeper diagnostic assessment is necessary or warranted. Screening supports in identifying the possibility that a client has co-occurring substance abuse and mental disorders or that his or her presenting signs, symptoms, or behaviors may be influenced by co-occurring issues. The purpose is not to establish the presence or specific type of such a disorder, but to establish the need for an in-depth assessment. Screening is a formal process that typically is brief and occurs soon after the client presents for services. Integrated screening seek to answer identify if there are comorbidity is by asking yes or no questions.
The lesson and case studies presented for evaluation was a great learning exercise. A better understanding of how to interpret data was gained. Also, weighing the clinical significance versus the statistical significance to show relevance is invaluable. All research is not quality research and one must be equipped to recognize bias, threats to validity and proper population representation. Moreover, critiquing the credibility of a study is essential to the health care advances.
In theory, "that evidence-based medicine (EBM), determined by the outcomes of clinical trials, would be an objective decision-making tool to help patients and their doctors make treatment decisions, once a patient has been diagnosed" (Torrey 2012:1). However, many problems exist with how the clinical trials that define evidence-based medicine are designed. Not all clinical research is created equal a small clinical trial with a homogeneous set of patients may not be applicable to the situation of Patient X. The psychological and social needs of patients are unique, and while scientific evidence must ground practice, each case must be evaluated on an individual basis. A sixty-five-year-old patient in the peak of health may not have the same health goals as one which is suffering from a chronic illness.
One advantage of using a qualitative design is that the researchers get more detailed and in depth answers. Another advantage of using a qualitative design is that more complex questions can be asked. Researchers can also explain terms and questions in order to get the most reliable answers.
The authors were clear in their presentation of the data from their study. The five survey questions used for the patients differed from the five questions used for the nurses and remained the same both pre and post implementation. Demographic information was obtained in addition to the survey questions. The authors used chi squared analysis to look for statistical differences in the patients and nurses surveyed. Each survey had 5 questions and a five-point Likert scale with 1=strongly agree and 5= strongly disagree was used. They then used the Wilcoxon rank-sum test when analyzing the data. The main weakness I found in this study is that it was a
Research is the systematic and rigorous process of enquiry which aims to describe phenomena and to develop explanatory concepts and theories (Bowling 1997). A research question should be feasible, of interest to the researcher, original, relevant and ethically sound (Sim and Wright 2000). Evidence based health care involves the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence about care of individual patients (Sackett et all 1996). In order to approach evidence based care in an evidenced based way the evidence available needs to be reviewed. A health care professional which practices in an evidence based way continues to improve their knowledge base and increase confidence and clinical decision making.
The sample range consists of 154 patients. The strength of this study design study represents in the large number of participants in this study.
Implementation of behavioral interventions require careful attention to many factors as outlined by implementation science models.7,8 Such models9 highlight the importance of considering setting and patient characteristics and related research10 has found that programs in primary care practices (PCPs) with successful alcohol screening rates adjusted
The critique a quantitative nursing research study at the level of understanding and analysis, practically do not exist, but the researchers had to be selected in accordance with the results of training, the level of development of their self-study skills before the research and its results. It would be desirable to compare a pool of the data on patients before research and after .
I would approach a woman, such as Jaclyn, in a non-accusatory manner, because I would not want her to feel attacked. I would ask her about her health rituals and if she smokes or drinks. That would open the floor to more alcohol specific questions. I would use alcohol screening techniques or questionnaires, such as the T-ACE or Prenatal Alcohol Use Interview, to understand the extent of the woman’s alcohol consumption (Chang, 2001). After the woman confirmed the drinking, I would ask her (in questionnaire or interview format) on average, how many days a week she drinks, then I would proceed to ask her, on the days she does drink, how many drinks does she have, (“Screening for Alcohol Problems”, 2005). Another important factor is the timing
“Whilst quantitative research may be mostly used for testing theory it can also be used for exploring an area and generating hypotheses and theory. Similarly qualitative research can be used for testing hypotheses and theories even though it is mostly used for theory generation” (Hughes, 2006). Both of these designs may be similar with testing theory, they are also similar in the tools that they use and how the data is analyzed. “Qualitative data often includes quantification (eg statements such as more than, less than, most as well as specific numbers). Quantitative (ie questionnaire) approaches can collect qualitative data through open ended questions” (Hughes, 2006). These similarities are what make these two study designs compatible for each other.
One limitation of the study is its design. Because the study is correlational in nature, cause and effect relationships cannot be established. The study also did not take into account the social support of the patients and their