Albert Einstein's Discourse Concerning Gravity

Gravity is the force which attracts an object to the center of the earth, and toward any other physical object having mass. Issac Newton and Albert Einstein both contributed to today's knowledge of gravity.Newton started working in 1687 by scratch, he knew nothing about gravity it until he saw an apple fall. Newton dint have much friends growing up because he would lock himself in his room and brainstorming ideas about how gravity could work. A few decades later Einstein started brainstorming off Newtons work to get an even better understanding of it.

In the article “Gravitational Waves Hit Prime Time” the author talks briefly upon the properties of gravitational waves, but also talks about LIGO (Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory) and the eLISA pathfinder scheduled for launch around 2034. However, the author states that the initial LIGO is not as great as advanced LIGO. He also says that gravitational waves are very weak.

Before Newton talked about gravitation the main knowledge of scientists was a elementary knowledge of optics, mechanics and astronomy.Copernicus Kepler and Galileo provided the background knowledge of the stars and planets, but Newton used their data to discover the whole gravitational system.10Newton reasoned that the planets and all other physical objects in the universe moved through mutual attraction of gravity.Newton said that every other object in the universe affected every other object through gravity.This explained why the planets move in an orderly fashion. Newton found that “the force of gravity towards the whole planet did arise from and was compounded of the forces of gravity towards all it’s parts, and towards every one part was in the inverse proportion of the squares of the distances from this part.”Newton proves all of this mathematically. This was known to be the single most important contribution to physics that ever has been made.11

The article starts telling the readers how a team of scientists announced on Thursday, February 11, that they had heard and recorded the sound of two black holes colliding a billion light-years away. The far-off tone that was recorded is the first straightforward evidence of gravitational waves. Gravitational waves are ripples in the fabric of space-time. This discovery

Scientists in the USA have seen something amazing in space for the very first time. They saw gravitational waves. These are waves that form in space and travel outwards. The waves are similar to how ripples in water move outwards after you throw a stone in a lake. The gravitational waves in space start when two giant space objects hit each other. Albert Einstein first spoke about waves in space in 1916 when he made his General Theory of Relativity. One hundred years later, the researchers have proved that Einstein's theory was right. The researchers used powerful technology to see the gravitational waves. Einstein did not have this technology. He used his genius to predict that the waves existed.

Dark matter is a type of matter that is invisible, but accounts for most of the mass and structure of the universe. Hubble allowed scientists to observe how dark matter bends the light of galaxies that are far away through gravitational lensing. Scientists could then theorize about the existence of dark matter. Due to Hubble’s unique viewpoint, scientists could also map where dark matter is located and how it is distributed in galaxies. Hubble also played a large role in the discovery of dark energy. Dark energy is a repulsive force that causes the universe to expand at a faster and faster rate. Hubble not only detected the presence of dark energy, but also that it has been around since almost the beginning of the universe. It was used to look back in time at supernovae, which are used to trace how the universe expanded. Only Hubble could be used for this task because telescopes on the ground would be unable to see these very distant and faint supernovae. Hubble changed the field of astronomy through its part in discovering dark matter and dark

The needs for an instrument that would take images of the universe from the space were inevitable since there were so many challenges studying space and the universe from earth. The Hubble telescope, named after the great scientist who confirmed the big bang theory, was the solution to this and it has been in space for the more than 20 years it was supposed to live. Over the time, the telescope has sent home so much information that mankind has realized how little they knew about the universe. This paper covers the needs for the Hubble telescope in space, the impacts that it has had in physics and science and what eventually happens to the telescope when its time expires.

Coupled with new discoveries, black holes frequently cause series of events throughout a universe. According to The Gale Encyclopedia of Science, in their article titled, “Active Galactic Nuclei”, “Active Galactic Nuclei’s (AGNs) are located at the centers of some galaxies—perhaps most galaxies—and emit a tremendous amount of energy across part or all of the electromagnetic spectrum, sometimes on the order of trillion times the output of the Sun” (The Gale Encyclopedia of Science). In other words, AGNs are the center of the universe and can be violently energetic objects. Leading astronomers concluded that a super massive black hole was at the center of every AGN, and the main source of its power, containing a million to ten billion times the mass of the sun (The Gale Encyclopedia of Science). Eagerly,

answer more questions about black holes. Although black holes cannot be seen because of their gravitational pull, NASA has shown that the strong gases surrounding the black hole lies in orbit. These gases of motion are seen by NASA through scientific instruments. Those instruments measure the X-ray lights going around the black hole. The amazing X-ray lights can be seen as accretion disks of spirals in all directions of the black hole (Dunbar, 2014).

Radar astronomy utilizes radio waves to enhance our understanding of the distances, movements, land formations, and positions of celestial bodies contained within our universe and how they might impact our life on Earth. Discoveries have been made possible through the return rate of echoes of radio waves gathered from the targeted object. Utilization of inspecting the galaxy through radar astronomy is precise and does not require large space endeavors. Nevertheless, usage of radar astronomy also gives us an accurate representation of the terrain and land formation of celestial bodies such as stars, asteroids, and planets. Over fifteen thousand discoveries of near-earth asteroids have been found as of October 13, 2016, with approximately 30

The visible universe- including Earth, the sun, other stars, and galaxies is made of protons, neutrons, and electrons bundled together into atoms (National Geographic, 2012). Astronomers use the term ‘baryonic’ to refer to all objects made of normal atomic matter, essentially ignoring the presence of electrons (Swinburne University, 2015). Baryons interact with each other through gravity, nuclear forces and the electrostatic force. These interactions are what allow baryonic matter (such as stars) to emit light (Grocutt, 2012). One of the most surprising discoveries of the 20th century was this ordinary, or baryonic, matter makes up less than 5 percent of mass of the universe. The rest of the universe appears to be made of a mysterious, invisible substance called dark matter (25 percent) and a force that repels gravity known as dark energy (70 percent) (National Geographic, 2012).

Space time means in addition to the normal three space dimensions, the universe is composed of fourth dimension which is time. The four demensions become distorted and curve due to interaction with mass or with light, which also moves in the same way. This interaction causes gravity and things to bend or move in a curved path resulting in gravitational lensing—also referred to as bending light. In other words, a star can be in front of another star, and the light of the back star light can bend around the front one and still be visible. They can be completely in line, but the back star will appear to be on one side or the other or both sides. Gravitational lensing gives astronomers the ability to measure and observe the large amount of mass that they are unable to physically detect. They are able to compare the bending of light from galaxies which are in line with each other to measure the distribution and amount of dark matter. The theory of using gravitational lensing to explain the matter that we cannot see, helps us to better support the evidence for dark

In the documentary “Einstein’s Big Idea”, viewers enter the world of E=mc² and the people and discoveries behind that important equation. Albert Einstein came to the conclusion of E=mc² but not without the help of many important figures who came before him. Scientists like Michael Faraday, who rose from being a person of basic education to one of the greatest scientists of time and started the revolution of energy; Emilie du Chatelet, a female physicist who used Leibnitz’s idea of squaring and believed that light was squared, and many other prominent figures helped Einstein discover each piece of the equation. Before watching the film, I didn’t think much of the equations that we use in daily life, but after watching it, I was exposed to all the people who dedicated their lives to discovering something so important. While watching the film, I was impressed by how the discoveries of many different people had helped create one thing that was so powerful and important. The world’s renown equation E=mc² was created by the greatest scientific discoveries made by important scientists, brought together by Albert Einstein and made an

Dark matter and dark energy are some of the most mysterious phenomena in the universe, sparking interest in many astronomers and physicists today. Although we haven’t yet found any way to directly observe either dark matter or dark energy, scientists have been able to see it’s effects and confirm the existence of these abstract forces.

Another method in physics on how to time travel is through black holes. A black hole has been discovered by Einstein's theory of general relativity, which showed that when a star dies, it leaves behind a small, dense remnant core. If the core’s mass is more than the sun, the force of gravity overwhelms all other forces in which it transforms into a black hole. Scientists have said that black holes can destroy anything that goes in it and it could be hard to get out of a black hole, once something went in it. In an interview by physicist Lior Burko, he states, “One possibility is that black holes may allow us to travel to very remote places in the universe, or another universe entirely,” (Kahney, “Black Holes and Space Time”). Black holes may have evidence that there are different kinds of parallel universe. Even though it is still unclear what black holes can do as in destroying everything that it goes in or if it leads someone to time travel into another parallel universe. Scientist are trying to create a black hole, here on earth, to see what blacks can do as in sending information to another universe.