Chapter- 2
Pricing Strategies of Indian Drug Industry
2.1 Introduction:
Price is the value which is paid by the buyer to the manufacturer against the products and services. It is the value of the product mentioned by the seller to the consumers Pricing decisions are one of the crucial factors that shapes by cost factors, profit margin, and possibility of sales at different price levels and the competitor's pricing policy as well as with the number of existing competitors in the market. Pricing is the most critical element of the marketing mix and firms must make strategic preferences about how to price their product to achieve their business goals in the best possible manner by considering the demand and supply relationship. Unlike the three
…show more content…
Common objectives may include the following- Figure2.1: Objectives of Pricing
2.4.1 Profit Maximization:
By taking into the account revenue and costs, firms used to maximize the current profits. But the current profit maximization may not be the best strategy for the long run.
2.4.2 Revenue Maximization: Current revenue maximization is to maximize the current revenue, with no relation with profit margins. This strategy is helping to gain more profit in the long run by increasing the market share and lowering the costs.
2.4.3 Maximize Quantity: For decreasing the cost in the long run, firms seek to maximize the number of units sold to the customers.
2.4.4 Quality Leadership: In order to attempt the position of quality leader in the market, firms use price as a quality signal of the product.
2.4.5 Partial Cost Recovery:
Firms adopt the partial cost recovery way, when the firm has other sources of revenue.
2.4.6 Survival: In some situations like the market is declining or overcapacity, the aim is to select a price that covers the incurred cost and permit the firm to remain in the market. This objective has been temporarily just for the sake of survival for a time
…show more content…
In present times, loss leaders pricing technique has become the popular method of sales promotion of product. The purpose of making a product “loss leader” is to encourage customers to make further purchases of profitable goods while they are in the shop. ‘Departmental Store’ or ‘Retailers’ used to adopt this strategy for increasing the foot-fall in store.
Pricing is a key competitive weapon and a significant part of the marketing mix. If a business reduced its prices than competitors, new customers may be attracted and existing customers may become more loyal. Hence using a loss leader pricing can help to divert loyal customers. Using a loss leader is a short-term pricing tactic for any product.
One risk of using a loss leader pricing is that customers can take the opportunity to “bulk-buy”. If the price discount is sufficiently enough, then it makes sense for customers to buy as much as they can (assuming the product is not perishable) which leads loss for the manufacturer.
2.6.2.4 Psychological
Explain what action a profit maximizing firm takes if marginal revenue is greater than marginal cost:
Such firms identify this optimized level of output by determining the specific point at which marginal revenue and marginal cost are equal. The value to the firm is that this knowledge tells them when they have maximized their profit making potential. Going past this point will result in a negative return.
Thirdly, option is to strategically adjust the prices of their products because consumers are often very price sensitive. By doing so the company can either create more value that defines the quality and quantity of the product.
The company must factor in that each of their customers has lifetime value, a greater value than a small gain made on first sales. With competition in their sector, more penetration pricing would be appropriate. The penetrating pricing strategy would only make sense to retain customers; the pricing strategy must realize lifetime value, (University of Phoenix, 2011).
Decisions will be made by using the concepts of marginal costs and marginal revenue to maximize profit. A mix of pricing and non-pricing strategies will be
How do channel members add value? Provide information, promotion, or put business in contact with potential customers.
The pricing strategy that I chose is marketing objectives. Our company will deliver on this strategy to this stand by competing with our competitor’s stand. Our competitor, Jimmy, manages the Lemonade Stand “Liquid Yellow” charges $1.50 for one cup of lemonade. However, they use artificial ingredients, such as artificial flavoring and coloring, white sugar, etc. My company decided that we want to have a price that is higher than Jim’s price. We decided that we want to charge $2.00 for a cup of lemonade. We decided to charge this price because unlike Jim’s stand, we use all natural ingredients, which cost more than artificial ingredients and are healthier for you than artificial ingredients are. That is my company’s pricing strategy.
All segments are critical for the implementation of our company’s strategy because we chose to be broad cost leaders. Cost leaders maintain a presence in all market segments by focusing on low production costs and competitive pricing. With that in mind, one segment is considered to be slightly more important than the others: the low end segment. We will compete in every market segment, but this is one of the most important due to the fact that price is the main consideration of the buying criteria at 53% importance. Our costs will be much lower than our competitors which translates into a lower market price for this product, which is ideal for our customers.
A firm that seeks to maximize its revenue is most likely to adhere to which of the
Profit maximisation is when firms maximise their profits through sales and increasing the price of products. Profit maximisation occurs when total sale revenue is furthest above total cost which is when MR= MC. Firms are usually controlled by the managers, in order for managers to keep its position its must gain enough or maximise the firms’ profits, so it can satisfy the shareholders. However managers may want to take a different approach rather than maximising the firms’ profits. Managers may want to maximise managerial objectives such as maximising its sales rather than profits. However although they are taking a different approach, they still must gain enough profits to satisfy the firms’ shareholders in order to avoid losing their
Pricing is important when marketing a product. The determining factor for the pricing is the material, time to make, amount spent on marketing and promotion of the product. The goal in providing such a product that is moderately
Status Quo Objective - don 't rock the pricing boat objectives. When a firm wants to stabilize prices, meet competition, or even avoid competition. This is most common when the total market is not growing.
Low pricing eventually results in loss of customer loyalty as pricing to bottom is a risky business strategy.
Price, which is one of the most important elements of the marketing mix, can be difficult to get right. Pricing too high, or low, can negatively impact on customer satisfaction and revenue. Adopting a pricing strategy is necessary to achieve desired sales objectives (Chan & Wong 2005).
Price: Pricing decisions should take into account profit margins and probable pricing response of competitors.