Advantages And Disadvantages Of Nasal Mucoadhesive

Used to treat respiratory tract disorders, relieve cough associated with thickened mucous and poor mucus clearance.

Sublingual Route- The purpose of the Sublingual Route is that it is Rapid Absorption because the medication is put under the “tongue until it completely dissolves. Some advantages are its fast absorption and it does not destroy the digestive enzyme”. Some disadvantages are it has a nasty taste and inconvenient.

agent to treatment of gastrointestinal and urinary tract diseases.It was used as an alternative medicine,which upon digestion has been found to significantly stimulate broad-spectrum immune activity including activation secretion

Eudragit® RS100 is one of the most used polymer to coat oral drug formulations in order to improve dissolution time and attain a drug release control with time. It is a copolymer of poly(ethylacrylate, methyl-methacrylate) and chloro

It is used to control severe allergic reactions or patients who suffer from seasonal allergies such as (pollen allergies ) etc

The efficacy is maximized at lower doses and the side effects are less. The ring contains the drug spread throughout the entire matrix. The rate of release of the drug depends on:

This Bi-Directional™ technology could be utilized to any type of dispersion technologies related to liquid and powder. When delivery of drug is required, a user exhaled into the mouthpiece of device, soft palate is elevated and the nasal cavity is isolated from the rest of respiratory system. The patient exhaled force emitted the medication from device into nostril while closure of the soft palate prevented the entry of drug to the lungs. Expended nasal passage delivered medication deep into the targeted area of the nasal cavity. When medicine is delivered to the targeted sites, air following “Bi-Directional™ flow path” flowed around to the opposite side of the nasal cavity and exit through the other side of the nose rather than into the throat or lungs, as depicted in fig 6 [129, 130]. Nasal valve is a narrow opening in the nasal cavity, created a barrier for delivery of drug to brain. Neural connection to brain is located posterior to this valve. Traditional nasal devices deliver drug in or anterior to this valve. Optinose is a biopharmaceutical company, patented closed-palate Bi-Directional™ Breath Powered® DDSs. This technology used exhale device to target the drug to upper posterior part of the nasal cavity, beyond this valve [130]. Role of oxytocin has already been explored in the treatment of autism spectrum. Higher doses

Oxymetazoline (Afrin) - Its main purpose is to help in reduce nose congestion, and improve breathing.

Some medications can be inserted into the anus (rectally) as a suppository. They may contain active ingredients that are meant to have a local effect.

Non-problematic use of cannabis: The peculiarity between cannabis use disorder and non-problematic use of cannabis is the denial of the amount of usage. She has been struggling with finances due to the separation from an abusive ex-husband who is in jail for 7 years and trying to get full custody of their daughter. As a consequence, the patient has been in and out of detox program only to return to using and abusing alcohol and marijuana (Association, 2013).

Aspartame is an artificial sweetener that was found in the mid-1983, it was considered as a low-calorie sweeteners that could substitute sugars. Ralph G. Walton, Robert Hudak, and Ruth J. Green-Waite (1993) performed a study to find out whether patients with mood disorders are vulnerable to negative reactions of aspartame in “Adverse Reactions to Aspartame: Double-Blind Challenge in Patients from a Vulnerable Population”. Initially they recruited 40 participant for the study which included patients with a depression history and also people without any of psychiatric history, but the study ended up with only collecting results from 13 people because the study was stopped by the Institutional Review Board regarding some severe reactions including eye problems and conjunctival bleeding. The study divided the trial into two sections for 20 days, each subject is double-blindly tested with both aspartame and placebo randomly in the first week or the second week to find out the effect of aspartame on the

Paracetamol was first synthesized in 1878 by Morse, and then further introduced in 1883. Due to its misinterpretation of its safety profile, it had limited access on the market until the 1950s. This is due to the chemically similar and up until then preferred analgesic, phenacetin which was further withdrawn from the marker due to patients suffering renal toxicity. Now, Paracetamol forms Step 1 of the WHO analgesic ladder due to is role in multimodal analgesia and first line treatment for pain. With its various differences in administration techniques, oral and rectal can produce analgesia within 40 minutes and have maximal effect at one hour, as well as have large variations in bioavailability can make the onset and duration of the drug unpredictable. The introduction of intravenous administration was first established in 2002, with its bioavailability that limits its speed of onset. The onset of paracetamol occurs within five minutes, peaking at 40-60minutes and lasting from four to six hours (Macdonald,

Bill Gates and Steve Jobs are intelligent innovative thinkers who have always new things to show and give to the world, and both of them are known as the best-known entrepreneurs of the personal computer revolution in the modern age. These two entrepreneurs may both work in the field of technology, but they also have many differences to distinguish themselves from one another.

Hsieh and his research team from Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University formulated two thermoresponsive water-based biodegradable polyurethane dispersions that are potentially used as the ink for bioprinting of a scaffold that holding neural stem cells2. In general speaking, it is a type of ink called “hydrogel”2, which commonly used in soft tissues printing such as neural and muscle tissues3, it is able the mimic the real cell growing environment in the body. Also, it could be made by various formulation giving different properties for different usage3. Dr. Hsieh and his team formulated two hydrogels with similar properties and major components, the only difference is a chemical that that compose the soft

It helps control gag reflex and effectively treats sensitive teeth. It provides you the best treatment options to improve chronic dental and gum diseases.