Advantages And Disadvantages Of Downlink Multiplexing

In direct sequence spread spectrum, the torrent of information to be transmitted is divided into small pieces and each allotted across to a frequency channel across the spectrum (Rouse, 2015). An informational signal at the point of transmission is added with a higher data-rate bit sequence, which is referred to a chipping code that splits the information by way of a spreading ratio (Rouse, 2015). This redundant chipping code provides the signal the ability to resist interference and also allows the original information to be recovered if informational bits are damaged during transmission (Rouse,

Now the channel response at all data subcarrier are estimated using pilot subcarriers and are denoted as H ̂_k k= (-N)/2,-,0,-,N/2-1 and the received data can then be equalized

12. The I/O processor has a straight admission to....................... And covers a number of independent data channels.

This article presents an architecture vision to address the challenges placed on 5G mobile networks. A two layer architecture is proposed, consisting of a radio network and a network cloud. Three main concepts are integrated; ultra-dense small cell deployments on licensed and unlicensed spectrum, NFV and SDN and intelligent use of network data. This article proposes a novel 5G mobile network architecture that accommodates the evolution of communication types, end-user behaviour, and technology, trends in end-user and technology that motivate the challenges of 5G network and articulation of a 5G mobile network architecture.

Individuals now become able to connect to the internet from everywhere such as; schools, homes, hospitals, etc. By networked wireless communication technology, surfing the internet become easier and obtainable even in security sites. In addition, one of the wireless communication technologies is li-fi, which stand for “light fidelity “who coined the term by “Harald Haas a German Professor of Mobile Communications at the University of Edinburgh” (Rani, 2012). As for a practical sense li-fi means transfer data via lights, and it has been rated as one of the top innovations for 2011. In the future Wi-Fi would be replaced by li-fi because it solve lots of technical problems that Wi-Fi has, Also li-fi has its own special components and modus operandi . Furthermore li-fi can

A network is a group of computers and other devices (such as printers,phones,or a television) that are connected by some type of transmission media. A network can be two computers connected by a cable in a home office or as large as several thousand computers that are connected across the world. Networks has two fundamentals known as the peer-to-peer and client/server.

Fifth Generation (5G): 5G Technology stands for 5th Generation Mobile technology. 5G mobile technology has changed the means to use cell phones within very high bandwidth. User never experienced ever before such a high value technology.

Network carriers are usually the carriers which have started their business a long time ago or an airlines that have found a market gap for the Full service airline. Network carriers as a custom have a variety of services they offer. Diversification of traveling classes for passengers: First-, Business-, Economy comfort and Economy classes. Of course pricing of these classes varies as well by the comfort and frills added to the product. The latest change has been withdrawing almost all the services to the level of LCCs fares. FSCs also offer freight services, either just using the belly, in other words, the aircrafts baggage department, or having additional freighter aircrafts, which carry only cargo on board.

The coach tells the client to create this list so they can discuss it during a follow

Network coding allows multiple packets to be transmitted using a smaller number of packets thereby increasing throughput. Here a common single base station transmits data from a common single base station to intermediate stations where it is kept and sent out to the final destination or to any other intermediate stations at a later time. For a traditional network that employs multicast network, the stations receive a packet and forward it to the next node. Under network coding,

Shannon proved that data could be transmitted through a channel with speeds closing the channel’s capacity, with no transmission errors and low transmitting power by using the right code (Shannon, 1948). [2] For an Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel the formula is R. In this paper, introducing Turbo codes they showed that it is possible to approach Shannon’s limit within 0,5 dB, for a bit error rate of 1:100000 (Berrou, Glavieux and Thitimajshima, 1993) [4]. Albeit Turbo codes were innovative, they actually used two previously known techniques; the concatenated coding and the iterative decoding, which will be briefly described below.

* Set of techniques that allows the simultaneous transmission of multiple signals across a single link

O1) Develop, test, and quantify performance of data coding methods to improve signal-to-noise ratio of backscatter communication systems in strong multipath and Doppler environments. Data coding has been shown to improve the performance of backscatter systems with a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing has also been adopted for a number of broadcast standards from DAB Digital Radio to the Digital Video Broadcast standards, DVB. It has also been adopted for other broadcast systems as well including Digital Radio Mondiale used for the long medium and short wave bands.

This is made possible by equalization techniques goes on going up with the upward drift of D and higher group delay. In second case systems using modedivision multiplexing (MDM) in MMFs (D>2) receiver, computational complexity increases because of an increase in D and because of the large group delay (GD) spread