Contents:
1. Classification of DDBMS
2. Distributed Database Architecture
Introduction
Distributed database brings the advantages of distributed computing to the database management domain. A distributed computing system consists of the number of processing elements that are connected in the computer network which performing certain tasks.
Classification of DDBMS:
1. Distributed Fragmentation and Replication
2. Degree of homogeneity/Heterogeneity
3. Degree of autonomy
4. Degree of Distribution transparencies
5. DDBMS query processing and optimization
6. DDBMS concurrent control
7. DDBMS Transaction processing
Distributed Database Architecture
• Database is distributed at the DBMS
• In a distributed database system (DDS), multiple Database Management Systems run on multiple servers (sites or nodes)
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• This copy of the data item is where all locks are applied. The concurrency controller should look to this copy to determine if any locks are held.
• Several variations of distinguished copy:
1. All distinguished copies reside on the same node: Primary Site
2. Distinguished copies may reside on different sites: Primary Copy
• There are problems with this approach: o What if the primary site fails or if the node where the primary copy resides fails? o One solution is to designate a backup site that will automatically take over. o Another solution is to "elect" a new primary site/copy.
• Another overall approach (aside from distinguished copy), is to use a Voting protocol: To lock a data item:
0. Send a message to all nodes that maintain a replica of this item.
1. If a node can safely lock the item, then vote "Yes", otherwise, vote "No".
2. If a majority of participating nodes vote "Yes" then the lock is granted.
3. Send the results of the vote back out to all participating sites.
• With the voting approach, nodes can fail and recover while allowing transaction processing to
2. Nothing needs to be done when a transacton commits before the last checkpoint because the data is already saved.
Asymmetric clustering: one host runs the database application while the other host simply monitors it. If the server fails, the monitoring host becomes the active server. This is appropriate for providing redundancy. However, it does not utilize the potential processing power of both hosts.
In this topology, The distributed systems are connected at different sites to loosely coupled with gateway system members. The cached data between different sites is entire to the applications within each distributed system. If any system becomes unavailable, the rest of the installation to continues and
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Reduce time to access the required data: DDBMS allows to store copies of a data in multiple branches.
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