Abenaki Indians as Environment

Imagine beautiful yellow and red leaves fluttering about, and men and women working together to collect wild rice from the lake, naming rituals, sowing, and honor. That is what the Sioux tribe did during the early 1800s when Lewis and Clark explored the region. This tribe lived along the minnesota- Wisconsin border, they believed in honored and spirits. Overall, they were skill at hand, and trad was probable fantastic for the Sioux. Most of the Sioux clothing was showered with beads, so they got a lot of pratus sewing and became vary skilled.

Woodland Indians inhabited the large geographical area in eastern North America. The varying climates and four seasons affected how each individual group of Indians lived and ate. The Appalachian mountains and Great Lakes prohibited movement of people to some extent. Some people were able to harness the shoreline water as a means of transportation. Gardening and harvesting of crops became a way of life for these people but was sometimes complicated by the harsh winter conditions in northern Wisconsin. Utilization of natural resources controlled the economy. These Indians were very knowledgeable about the trees and plant life in their area. They used the abundant wildlife as part of their

In “Changes in the Land: Indians, Colonists and the Ecology of New England”, William Cronan breaks down the changes in New England that occurred after the shift from Indian to European dominance. In the first chapter of the book, Cronan goes into detail about the ecological history of New England. This detail expands on the changes that plant and wildlife population encountered during this shift from Indian to European life. As the shift occurred it created changes in the way those inhabitants live their lives, but it also created changes in plant production and wildlife. Cronan introduces us to his argument by stating that the physical affects that were created are from the Indian and European peoples due to agriculture, hunting, establishments,

Cronon’s book Changes in land: Indians, Colonists, and the Ecology of New England is an intricate ecological history of the environment of New England between the sixteenth and nineteenth century. It describes the environment in New England before the arrival of the Europeans and subsequently after their arrival. The book is easy to read and gives accurate information on the lives of the native Indian communities that lived in the land. It also explains how the Europeans found the land when they first arrived. In contrast to previous preconceptions, New England was not the unspoiled and pristine wilderness. The Native Americans had shaped the land long before the arrival of the Europeans. In his preface page, Cronon stated his thesis:” the shift from Indian to European dominance in New England entailed important changes – well known to historians- in the ways these peoples organized their lives, but it is also involved fundamental reorganizations- less well known to historians- in the region’s plant and animal communities.”(Cronon, Preface pg. VII).

They also pray for rain, and administer ordeals which are the ordinary form of trial.” Most of the tribes seem to have a notion of Supreme being, but it's not easy to find whether the word which they use really denotes a personality or striking examples of a superhuman force. For example, the sun, thunder or violent rain. The ethical standard was lower than most including ours today. For example, marriage is as seen as a sale. If you committing a crime such as murder, you are able to pay a fine and have it revoked. Women usually end up doing all the household chores and field work. The family remains strong and the children usually show appreciation to their

The Apalachee were a group of farming Indians who inhabited Northwest Florida ever since around one thousand A.D. The Apalachee were concentrated around the present day city of Tallahassee, the capital of Florida. In this essay, the diet, traditions, family life, clothing, government, architecture and more about the Apalachee Indians will be explored. A precis of their timeline in the Florida panhandle will also be examined.

The Native American’s way of living was different from the Europeans. They believed that man is ruled by respect and reverence for nature and that nature is an

They would hunt and gather food in order to survive. This led the way to tribalism where a group of hunter-gatherers would stay together in order to have a better chance of surviving.

Additionally, Royal gives clarification for Native Americans’ positive stereotypes. He explains, “ But this is far from modern concepts of ecology. Native Americans in fact overhunted deer and beaver even before the arrival of the white man, and did not seriously try to preserve the resources in the vicinity of their villages. As a result, the typical woodland village, having exhausted local soil and game, had to move on average every eight to 10 years” (Royal 47). Although the Native Americans did not destroy the environment like Europeans on such a large scale, they are not trying to protect the environment either. This opposes the stereotypes that Native Americans are model ecologists. Royal also examines the inhumane sides of Native American tribes. Royal reveals, “The

The people nowadays also abuse on what nature can provide to them. People are influenced by the western Culture, Man is more powerful and can have dominion over nature and that nature as they see become merely an instrument to satisfy human needs and wants. This kind of thinking or we can say attitude towards nature is called the “Anthropocentric Attitude”. Man reduce the value of nature as it is and it’s important because nature has made all things specifically for the sake of man and that the value of non-human things in nature is merely instrumental. An opposite thinking would be the Eastern Culture, for they value nature very well and they treat nature being one with them. This thinking or attitude is known as “Ecocentric

The first Europeans who saw the coast of pre-colonial New England thought of it as untapped virgin lands that had infinite resources. Cronon talks about how Henry Thoreau described the woods where Native Americans lived as “more open and parklike appearance to the first English settlers, without the underbrush and coppice growth so common in nineteenth-century Concord” (Cronon, pg 5). They didn’t realize that there were Native American inhabitants on the land as well. These Indians were already changing the environment by burning parts of forests to grow crops. The interaction of

Indians and Colonists saw the wilderness from different environmental history perspectives which changed how each treated nature. In the essay “Interpreting Environmental History,” Carolyn Merchant describes three lenses to look through when thinking about environmental history; gender, race, and class. From the gender lens in the Native American lifestyle,

The idea that First Nations (here on referred to as FN) in North America always lived in harmony with the environment has been a very controversial and touchy subject when under debate by historians. The language barrier and lack of written information leaves a lot to speculation and the chance of oral history being slightly changed over time leaves biases in the works of historians. This paper, however will argue the concept that FN indeed lived in harmony with nature as they were able to learn from their mistakes and treated the environment and nature with respect to ensure that the coming years would guarantee a plentiful harvest and would protect the lakes, river and nature around them. The FN had been able to realize the effects of

Like many eager non native environmentalists, waiting to be engulfed by the green revolution, I saw the Indigenous culture as a link that could bring me closer to the earth. I believed that the generation of biodiversity could only

The film “Here and Now” discusses Native American’s historical relationship with the land, and the cultural tie the people hold to the plants and animals. It goes on to define a “new era” of partnership and caring for the land with the original stewards, and emphasize the importance of healing the Earth (Here and Now). Tying into that, Historical Ecology, the study of the interaction between humans and their environment, focuses on landscape transformations (Sunseri 03/01). This study of the past has explicit implications on our understanding of the future and allows us to better comprehend what must be done to protect and conserve our natural