ABAB Design Essay

A type of reinforcement used was verbal and visual reinforcement. This is used as a behavior management strategy and positive reinforcement. When the clinician is done with all the activities he will receive a sticker for the client’s hard work for approximating the /k/ sound. The goal of this reinforcement is giving stickers to the client to make the correct production of the /k/ sound happen again and decrease the amount of visual prompts given. This reinforcement was successful because the client new goal is producing the /k/ sound at the independent level. The client also understands that when he makes the correct /k/ sound production he will receives a sticker for his sticker chart at the end of therapy.

In this case the goal is to assess the effects of a treatment based on an increase or decrease in a specified targeted behavior (Cooper, Heron, & Heward, 2007). This design uses repeated intervention phases after a single baseline is collected. The ABA design value is enhanced when the ABA phases

Acceleration and deceleration of target behaviors are central to behavior therapy. Acceleration a behavior is to make a behavior occur more frequently or intensely, whereas decelerating a behavior is to decrease the frequently or intensity of a behavior. By employing methods that serve to either accelerate or decelerate a behavior, an individual can overcome acting out maladaptive or undesirable behaviors and promote the occurrence of adaptive or desirable behaviors. Acceleration behavior therapy employs two general mechanisms to accelerate target behaviors; stimulus control and reinforcement. Although these two distinct methods of accelerating target behaviors work to accomplish the same goal (i.e., increasing the frequency of the

Behavior is reinforced when one or more of the following Guidelines for Success (G.F.S.) are met:

The scoring of the ABAS-II was also conducted by Mr. Jones’ counselor whom meets the qualifications for the scoring and interpreting. The ABAS-II has several subsections including communication, community use, functional academics, home living, health and safety, leisure, self-care, self-direction, social, and work. These raw scores were converted to scale scored and broken down according to the manual to the following sections: general adaptive composite (GAC), conceptual (CON), social (SO), and practical (PR).

In a work environment, the multiple baseline across subjects designs would be effective in illustrating the effects of an intervention involving supervisor feedback on the percentage of completed daily logs turned in by four therapists. In this case an operational definition is developed which fully describes the expected behavior, the specific procedures for intervention, and a turn in rate of 100% has been set as a criterion. The four therapists are observed concurrently and baseline data is collected by trained observers until there is stability in level and trend across all four tiers. The intervention is initiated with one therapist, while the others continue to be monitored, until the first attains the criterion of 100%, at which point, the second tier is introduced. This continues until all four tiers are receiving the intervention. With each intervention, an increase in level and trend would be observed, which would confirm experimental control, while the replication across therapists would prove both internal and external

Reinforcement is an essential part in identifying and encouraging a certain behavior. In the most classic definition, positive reinforcement is a method of identifying to children which behaviors are acceptable and appropriate and which are not (Sigler, E. & Aamidor, S, 2005). Reinforcement is often given as praise for doing a certain task. As educators, saying “great job” or a simple word like “fantastic” are expressed towards students as praise. However, when a student is struggling and praise is given such as “you are doing so well”, the negative aspects of praise present themselves. The child is aware of the empty praise

Finally, therapist may be reinforced for iatrogenic treatment, where they reward clients for ineffective treatment strategies and punish them for effective treatment strategies. To address these difficulties, Linehan developed several modifications which formed the basis of DBT. (Dimeff & Linehan, Dialectical behavior therapy in a nutshell, 2001)

The author believes that there are gaps in understanding to the RTI Tier 1 interventions with effective teaching. In addition, they belive there should be more research on positive behavioral support strategies. The authors belive there is not enough research on PBS. However, the authors believe PBS might be effective but they are concern with who can implement the

Scientific evidence serves another purpose in behavior analysis. It guides the decision in the types of treatment procedures that are selected for implementation. According to Van Houten, et al. (1988), a behavior analyst has an obligation to only use methods that have been scientifically proven to be effective. This fact is key because one of the rights a client has is the right to the most effective treatments available. When the behavior analyst is able to combine the use of the scientific data and the use of scientifically proven effective treatments, they are able to accomplish the goal that they should start with for each client. A behavior analyst has been most effective in helping their clients when they are able to withdrawal themselves from the clients life altogether (Skinner, 1978).

The population that was used were individuals that were sixty-five years of age or older. These individuals were described to display restlessness, call-out, and physical aggression as their behavior. When conducting the study, the method and procedure of that were executed was the staff doing a five-day assessment of the individuals’ behavior to identify their responsive behaviors and documenting it. Then the families were asked to complete assessment to know more about the individuals’ history, likes, dislikes to better judge which item from the therapeutic activity kit was right for the individuals. And the facility had a list of items that they had and kept a record of the amount of each item that came and went. If the individual was not interested in an item, they were shown the item later. Duration of this Therapeutic Activity Kit (TAK) was for two weeks daily for the therapy and two weeks for the behavior

The patient is need of increasing their adaptive skills and creating a lower likelihood of symptoms returning. The major issues of language and definitions between psychologists and behavior analysts need to be put aside in order for ABA to become an effective treatment for those in need, who have emotional and psychological disorders. Once the behaviors become defined and measureable, it then that the ABA can begin taking place by shaping behaviors and apply reinforcement as needed. Next is the identification of goals and an expected outcome after the intervention takes place. There are two types of behaviors that can be identified; motor-physical (non-verbal) and verbal. “It is not enough to “know” right from wrong. One must do “right” in order

One of the greatest appeals to behavior therapy is its efficacy in treating a wide array of disorders and its innovative applications outside of individual psychotherapy. In the past century, behavior therapy has made increasingly effective and creative therapies to treat patients with maladaptive behaviors which were previously, in some cases, untreatable. With such developments, patients were able to not only treat pathologies, but also improve functioning in a variety of aspects of their lives as well as the lives of those close to them. Amongst the most widely implemented treatments in behavior therapy are token economies, contingency contracts, and behavioral parent training. These therapies proved to be greatly useful when they were

This paper is to define and discuss the Evidence Based Practice Model Behavior Modification. Expounding on the various methods that are utilized to alter behaviors from positive to negative, and some of the tools implemented to enforce behavioral changes in various settings. This discussion will also explain various techniques that have been designed to make behavioral changes more effective and understandable. Exploring direct interactions from articles this paper will also discuss the benefits and barriers that one faces in dealing with behavior modification.

Oakland et al. (2013) analyzed adaptive behavior in three different countries, which included the United States, Taiwan, and Romania. They used scores from the ABAS-II, which has an adapted version for each country. These researchers used psychometric characteristics to compare the versions together, and to compare the scores attained together.