A selective Annotated Bibliography on Convergence and Divergence

(2012). Chapter 7: International Strategy. In G. G. Dess, G. T. Lumpkin, A. B. Eisner, & G. McNamara, Strategic Management (pp. 257, 259-260). New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

Recently many myths and misunderstandings surround what is really meant by “global strategy”, which caused many companies to fail.

1. Hitt, M., Ireland, R., & Hoskisson, R. (2011). Strategic Management: Competitiveness & Globalization (10th ed). Mason, OH: South Western, Cengage Learning.

In today’s world most of the companies depend on its global strategies as it plays a crucial role to succeed in the throat-cutting competition between the companies.

The continuous changes in the levels of technology in different parts of the world is being fostered by globalization (Association, 2009). This is because of the ability of countries and companies to embrace new methods of production and management strategies that led to the better results in terms of efficiency and revenue. Globalization refers to the process of sharing information on technology and methods of management among people in different countries (Pollack & Adler, 2014). This process has been vital in determining development and production in different countries around the world. It is therefore important for companies to adopt and embrace new technology so as to maximize their output and perform at optimum levels. An example of

International Business Strategy can be referred to as a plan of action where the ‘internationally scattered subsidiaries of an organization act independently, with minimum coordination with the parent company’ (Twarowska, 2013). Few of the incentives (UT Arlington) that an organization achieves by expanding international business strategy are listed below:

Hitt, Michael, Hoskinsson, Robert, Ireland, D. ( 2011) Strategic Management: Competitiveness & Globalization: Concepts ( 10 ed.) Cengage Learning.

The Coca-Cola Company is the world’s leading beverage company, with markets in over 200 countries and over 1,100 brands under their portfolio. The company was founded in 1886 and is currently headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, USA. This paper seeks to explain the impact of globalization on the standardization versus adaptation decision using examples from the Coca-Cola Company’s performance and strategies since their inception as a company.

The world offers significant business opportunities for every company, however, opportunities are accompanied by significant challenges for managers. Managing global operations across diverse cultures and markets represents a big challenge and opportunity for companies. To compete in the global market and be successful, companies must learn the strategies, policies, norms and technology necessary to conduct international business. The opportunities for global expansion are numerous, and attaining success is a matter of developing the right strategy to win local markets and its consumers.

International marketing is the application of marketing principles to more than one country. The intersection is the result of the process of internationalization. Many American and European authors see international marketing as a simple extension of exporting, whereby the marketing mix is simply adapted in some way to take into account differences in consumers and segments. It then follows that global marketing takes a more standardized approach to world markets and focuses upon sameness, in other words the similarities in consumers and segments.

Standardizing marketing programs: Allowing marketing efforts to effortlessly operate across country borders. Standardization ensures products, promotions, price and channel structure cooperate together to increase

Due to the recent economic crisis, it is time to rethink corporate strategy, especially as it applies to the global environment. In 2009, the value of international trade was expected to decline by as much as 9%. Foreign Direct investment fell 15% in 2008 and another 40% in 2009. This article is predicting a rough decade to come with weak global growth, pressures from overcapacity, persistently high unemployment, volatility in the financial markets, costlier capital, a greatly expanded role from governments, a much larger burden of regulation and taxation for all, and maybe even increased protectionism. (Ghemawat 56) These are exactly the types of things the business world must begin to play closer attention to. This may even mean a

Since the term globalization became a prominent feature of global interactions during the 1980s, different changes have taken place within the global political, economic, and social spheres which has in turn resulted in a judiciously interdependent world compared to previous eras (Christopherson, Garretsen, & Martin, 2008). Globalization is mainly influenced by two overriding factors- liberation of global markets/economies coupled with the increasing development of new technologies. The latter nonetheless (technology) plays the function of a principle driving dynamism as well as an enabler of the process particularly in regards to global interconnectedness. Towards this end, Technology allowed globalization to produce fresh opportunities frontiers relating to diverse nations as well as organizations on one side while portending different challenges presented by entry barriers as noted by Bauernfeind, (20). Towards this end, technological advancement is universally advanced as the primary driver of globalization. While technology is indeed a critical aspect contributing to globalization as crucial determinant of global interactions, it is obviously not the only one but its role is most critical. This essay will therefore critically examine the role of technology in driving globalization with a view to understanding the present conceptualization as well as application of the phenomenon in global affairs.

It is believed that technology is the driving force of globalisation, in turn, globalisation enables the remarkable rate of technological changes (Archibugi & Iammarino, 2002). However, not every country experiences the same benefits of these technological changes. This essay

As trade increases hyper-competition grows forcing organizations to go global. By a company going global it requires them to rethink strategy and reform (Ananthram and Pearson, 2008). Global organizational structure is the way a company aims to merge local preferences with global strategy. The definition of global strategy is “strategic choices that have the characteristics of being globally uniform or integrated,” (Yip et al., 1997) such as standardization of products, uniform marketing, and competitive moves, but all globally (Townsend et al., 2004; Zou and Cavusgil, 2002; Bayraktar and Ndubisi, 2014). Global strategic strategy is a way to adjust to globalization. Globalization is “the economic and social process by which economies and communities grow inextricably interdependent “(Jhirad et al., 2009). The recent financial crisis (Das, 2010), large amount of poverty, and climate change are all problems that show how the world is globally connected because all countries impact each other (Jhirad et al., 2009).