A Summary On Interpreting The Face-Name Mnemonic Strategy

Secondly, face recognition units contain stored descriptions of known faces. When a familiar face is seen, face recognition units send signals to cognitive system and active person identity nodes. Person identity nodes allow access to semantic information about the person. The impairment

Processing faces is extremely important to humans as social beings. We are able to put and identity on thousands of faces (Gazzaniga, 2002) with ease, something we might take for granted. The value of this ability can be better understood when the world is viewed through the eyes of somebody with prosopagnosia, the inability to recognise faces. The following quotation from David Fine, a prosopagnosic describing the difficulty associated with the disorder.

Participants were shown each of the cards (a) to (d) in set 2, in order, for three seconds each. Participants were then asked to write down what they saw in each of the pictures, but their responses are not recorded by the experimenter. The purpose of this was to develop a perceptual set for faces based on the participant’s immediate past experience with the four pictures of faces.

There was a study done by Young, Hay, and Ellis (1985) that uses people with no medical issues. They asked people to keep a diary record of problems they experienced in face recognition. They found people never reported putting a name to a face while knowing nothing else about that person. This supports the model as it suggests that we cannot think of a person's name unless we know other contextual information about them.

The following journal article had three purposes; to test whether long term expertise of a certain subject matter (bird and cars) would have activity in face recognition areas, whether there was an interaction between the categorization levels and expertise, and finally long term expertise and categorization levels were tested to see how both depend on identity of stimuli and attention. Previous studies have found that impairments to the face processing centers of the brain result in the difficulty of recognizing familiar faces primarily by facial features (De Renzi, 1986). Also previous studies show that recognition of objects requires the ability to discriminate between certain categories. Also people may become experts at recognizing certain categories through prolonged

Moreover, Bruce and Young (1986) suggested that the name generation component can be accessed only via the appropriate person identity node. Thus, assuming that no brain-damaged patients can put names to face without knowing anything else about the person, however several patients showed the opposite pattern. For instance, Flude et al. (1989) reported that patient, EST, demonstrated greater retrieval of the occupations of familiar people when presented with their faces than when recalling their names. Such studies show that the processing of familiar faces differs from that of unfamiliar ones, because only relevant stored knowledge (e.g., name or occupation) with familiar faces is accessible.

The part-whole effect describes the difficulty subjects have recognizing familiar faces from isolated features (Davidoff & Donnelly, 1990; Donnelly & Davidoff, 1999; Tanaka & Farah, 1993; Tanaka & Sengco, 1997). These two effects suggest that features seen in a whole-face context are integrated, instead than being represented and processed independently. These observations are supported by neurophysiological data fromsingle cell studies (Freiwald, Tsao, & Livingston, 2009; Tsao, Freiwald, Tootell, & Livingstone, 2006) and event-related potential studies (Jacques, d’Arripe, & Rossion, 2007), confirming the idea that faces are processed holistically (Farah, Wilson, Drain, & Tanaka, 1998; McKone, Kanwisher, & Duchaine, 2007). Although there have been many demonstrations of holistic processing on judgments of face identity, there have been few studies which investigated whether holistic-processing is involved in trait

Some of the patients reported that they had traumatic social interaction difficulties. Failure in face recognition might cause them to feel anxious about offending people which in the end create feelings of guilt and embarrassment. The problems associated with interpersonal relationships restrict their social circle (Yardley, L., 2008). Up until now, there is no cure to prosopagnosia. However, compensatory strategies are one of the therapies that may help them improve their daily social interactions as well as communications. Since recognition is a learning process, patient can develop their ability to identify ones identity by using alternative cues in terms of non-facial features such as voice, hair colour, clothing, body style or any unique physical

What makes names difficult to remember is due to the fact that they are different languages with different pronunciations. This is why people are most likely to remember someone’s occupation rather than their name. Furthermore people usually find that names do not hold information that concerns the identity of an individual; than just too simply label someone McWeeny et al. (1987). Terry (1994) also conducted a similar study which also evidenced that participants found it difficult to remember names. In this study it was shown by the level of accuracy that information had a significant effect on the ability to put face, occupation and names together; according to the participants’ results. However the results also show that emotions have no influence when it comes to recalling. Overall this indicates that occupation plays a major part and is what enables individuals to recognise another people easily. Generally having the ability to recognize faces is very important in many aspects of life. It allows us to recognize faces of the people who we are close to, and also allows us to identify unfamiliar individuals so that we can be more aware of possible dangers. Facial recognition is a complex process that involves using knowledge and experience to get an average face and compare it to other faces. Concepts and categories are used to support in the object memory process as well as encoding information to long-term

A chain of associations are formed by memory; the interconnection and linkage of words, ideas and concepts which form a stimuli that helps remember a person's name once the face is seen (Gazzaniga, Ivry & Mangun, 2009; Watier & Collin, 2012). Associative network memory model can be called a conceptual representation which suggests that memory consists of a set of nodes which have intercnnected linkages. Here the nodes are representated as concepts or stored information and the links which are formed between them depict how much strength the association between the nodes carry. Memories are kept inside the

In order to analyze the pattern of our results for this experiment we used a chi-square test. Our pattern of results demonstrated that there was no significant relationship between conforming and the number of individuals around the artist from the expected results by chance, X2(1, N = 100) = 0, p = 1. This pattern of our results did not confirm our

The blocked study presented 6 painting by a single artist in consecutive order while the interleaved study presented 6 painting from 6 different artists. As described above, extraneous variables were controlled through holding the variables constant or randomization. The dependent variable was scored as the proportion of new paintings for which the participants correctly identified the artist and the scores were separated for artists who were blocked or interleaved.

In this essay descriptions as well as identifications of research evidence for both Bruce and Young’s 1986 cognitive model of face recognition and Burton, Bruce and Johnston’s 1990 cognitive model of face recognition; which are then applied to two separate case studies and an explanation of which better suits each shall be given. For the purposes of this essay, Bruce and Young’s 1986 model shall be theory 1, and Burton, Bruce and Johnston’s 1990 model, shall be theory 2.

There were two variables installed, one of which focused on a photo stimuli and the other using a phrase provision, wherein the students that contributed happened to have gone through multiple tasks that led to them gaining hidden information. Using something called probe study, the students were then randomly assigned either levels of constraints in which they enacted upon the tasks at different intervals and sessions using something called familiar or unfamiliar methods. As stated earlier, multiple probe methods were used during the tests varying in degree to the order in which participants went through the tasks. The students, 36 of them, went through photographs of faces on the photo constraints and a couple were chosen at random to observe said faces in a limited amount of time. After the observations were over, the students were asked questions regarding the faces they’ve seen, specifically any changes in mood and facial structure. As the start of the procedure, this portion was done so multiple time in reordered sections so as to remove any validation issues, and then moved on to a rating section wherein they scored the faces based on looks. In the second constraint, the rest of the participants worked on different words and, like the earlier photo variable, there were students picked at random to participate in a smaller probe in which they were revealed particular words and asked to memorize the order in which they were given out. They

Notwithstanding, not all providers can remember all guest return even when they are regulars and documented. To maintain a service relationship, name recall when addressing a guest in a face-to-face experience is critical (O’Fallon, 2011, p. 3). In making employee daily interaction more effectively with customers, face recognition is significant and communicated through training (O’ Fallon, 2011, p. 32) that aids name recall. The hospitality industry employees should continuously address guest by names, but face recognition is a necessary element that could always help in the future during guests and employees’ interaction.