How does a state 's natural resource wealth influence its economic development? For the past fifty years, versions of this question have figured prominently in debates over dependency theory, economic dualism, a proposed New International Economic Order, East Asia’s success, and Africa’s collapse. Since the late 1980s, economists and political scientists have produced a flood of new research that bears witness to this question. There is now strong evidence that states with abundant resource wealth perform less well than their resource-poor counterparts, but there is little agreement on why this occurs.
Natural resources undoubtedly play an important role in the economy of many countries. Whether their contribution to development is beneficial or detrimental is a contested and difficult question to answer. Arguably countries like Australia, U.A.E. and Norway have gained enormously over long periods from their natural resources, others like Iran and Russia have gained in economic growth terms but maybe at the expense of institutional development, while in some countries, such as Angola and Sierra Leone, natural resources have been at the heart of violent conflicts with devastating effects for society. With many developing countries being highly resource dependent, a deeper understanding of the sources and solutions to the potential problem of natural resources is highly relevant.
The disappointing performance of resource rich economies, especially those with a point
It is true that some of these resources produce a valuable use such as energy, in the case of petroleum, but we have exploited it too much. We use more than we are supposed until one of these days we ran out of it. We should just live with what we can and what we already have. Also I believe that some other natural resources should remain untouched by the human hands. We need to find a way to protect our environment since this our planet, our only home. We also need to change our characters. Good people still exists in the world nowadays, but the problem is that we care too much about ourselves. We want everything for ourselves. If necessary, we need to go back to the age of the gold race. Where people used to live in peace, used to respect and care for each other, where there was no
For instance, most of the developments in the developed countries are based on growth, that is, they are depend on natural resources like minerals, gas and oil for their economic development. Moreover, the emerging developing countries such as India, china and brazil need a lot of natural resources to develop. This means that countries which are rich in resources in Latin America have emphasized and focused on the extraction of natural resources for their development and export. Neo extractivisim has been coined to refer to policies and regulations which strengthen states role in the ownership and exploitation of natural resources, a development which has gained great momentum inmost parts of the developing nations (Burchardt, Hans-Jürgen, and Kristina, 2014). Extractivisims is a development model that has political, natural and socioeconomic influences (class structure, interaction between public and state and gender) within a country majorly in countries with abundant resources in the
Similar to the societal explanation, the cognitive explanation for the effects of the resource curse suggests that the wealth from resource abundance causes countries to be riskier with their money. Instead of investing in multiple sectors and foreign bonds, African countries tend to indulge in the wealth and focus solely upon it with no consideration of sustainability or possible busts. Since policymakers become shortsighted, they do not realize that that their economy is falling apart until it is too late.
Iceland and Gabon are very unique countries with different statuses. Iceland has a very small population but is highly developed and a model of efficiency socially, politically, and economically. Whereas Gabon has the potential to be one of most developed African countries, with their discovery of oil and the associated profit, but the population trends of the transitional period of development and the social and political endeavours attached to such a change have hindered the countries progression. As a result of this, Iceland has a better economy, quality of life, and social and political structure while Gabon is developing these benefits slowly but with success with signs of development problems in population and infrastructure that
Countries that do not promote accountability and state competence to benefit from resource booms are at risk of the resource curse. The resource curse is when resource-rich countries benefit from its wealthy natural resources (i.e. oil) and do not help with its people welfare. Its government officials are less likely to meet the demands of its people because they are too busy pocketing the cash. These countries are more deceptable to authoritarianism, low levels of economic growth and stability. Wealthy natural resources can promote power conflicts and corrupt governments. Countries that have a resource curse are more likely to transition to democracy when its large revenue comes from citizens ' taxes.
anada is filled with many natural resources such as fossil fuels, mineral, and lumber. Having so many different types of natural resources helps improve the economy of Canada and living in a country with a high economy means you will have better public services since the government will have a lot of tax money. With better public services you will have better schools and health care.Canada has one of the best health care system and the better the health care system the longer you will live and it will improve the quality of life since you can easily treat diseases. Canada's natural resources place a big role on Canada's economy. Around 20% of the money made by natural resources directly and indirectly account for Canada's GDP. The natural resource
There are many factors at play in determining whether a nation is rich or poor. Geography is one of them. Some nations are lucky to be located in places with rich oil deposits, others are in key locations along important shipping lanes whilst some are land locked or have very little natural resources.
This then relates into the fact that these resources in this area will be mishandled and used in non-beneficial ways. Poverty can be unruly and with these natural resources they can fall into the fight between using the responsibly r blowing it away in order to make the current moment better without thinking about the future. Surplus of resources is not always a good thing.
Gabon has a GDP per capita four times that of most sub-Saharan African countries, but because of high-income inequality. A very large portion of the population is poor. Gabon relied on timber and manganese exports until oil was discovered offshore in the early 1970’s. From 2010 to 2014, oil was approximately 80% of Gabon’s exports, 40% of its GDP, and 60% of its state budget revenues. Gabon faces fluctuating prices for its oil, timber, and manganese exports.
The Democratic Republic of Congo is consistently ranked among the top twenty according to the fragile state index, Western scholars do not often question why. The DRC is a place known to the west by the presence of child soldiers, civil wars, corruption, and death. Six million lives have been lost in the war from either direct combat or disease and malnutrition. Congo is both the largest in Sub-Saharan Africa and one of the richest African nations. It has trillions of dollars’ worth in natural resources like diamonds, gold, cobalt, copper, tin, and tantalum. Yet these mines are controlled by militias and the wealth remains unattainable to the average Congolese citizen. The roots of this resource curse are much older than the militias we
Many studies have demonstrated the idea that institutions are the main factor of economic development because empirical evidence points to strong institutions being able to determine large growth of GDP per capita. Although the characteristics of strong institutions can be described as the potential fundamental cause of economic growth, the effects of geography and materials available to different certain regions have a huge hand in properly developing a society economically and allowing for further growth. The resources of the countries heavily depend on the raw materials available to each region and the kinds of animals they are able to domesticate. This is where the argument circulates around in which geography is a large determinant of whether a civilization or society can prosper in a certain area or not.
Executive summary The Democratic republic of Congo is a country blessed with vast amounts of mineral resources which include, cobalt, copper, niobium, tantalum, industrial and gem diamonds, gold, silver, zinc, manganese, tin, uranium, coal) as well as petrol and timber. However the Democratic republic of Congo is trapped in an on going battle in the east of the country according to (Bannon & Collier, 2003). The countries mineral wealth is a blessing however can be seen as a curse due to the on going violence to take control of the territories which are rich in resources. BBC News (2013) states that poor governance, lack of border control and mass migration from neighboring countries and the scramble for the vast resources is not the root
The first part of this relationship is highly evident among developing nations that are looking to strengthen its economic position. These countries, unfortunately, have to extensively tap into their natural resources to achieve sustained
The analysis of the 2007 Mineral and Mining Act demonstrates that the excesses of the environmental damage in the Niger Delta region did not emanate from inadequate legislation. The problem is an ineffective implementation of the Act. As indicated in the first part of the paper, the Nigeria government lacks the political will to implement the appropriate clauses important for the protection of the Niger Delta’s ecosystem because a significant percentage of the government expenditure comes from revenues generated by oil corporations. The government’s incapacity to implement the Mineral and Mining Act results from a fear that strict adherence to the Act might dwindle national revenue, and constrains budget. While this fear is a genuine one, it can however be partly addressed by a diversification of the national economy, from oil based to include other sectors of the economy.
The exploitation of natural resources such as Land, gold, diamonds, crude oil and forestry products are traditionally argued to play a vital part in a county’s growth and development. Countries endowed with these resources are assumed to be able to transform their economies towards the path of sustainable development. Customary land use and Minerals