Background Women have owned and managed businesses for centuries, but the first scholarly article focused on women-owned businesses (Gartner, 1985) did not appear in the literature until 1976 (Jennings & Brush, 2013). Early scholars seem to have assumed that all business owners were essentially the same, and groups of small business owners did not require different research (Achtenhagen & Welter, 2011). Over the past 10 years in the United States, the rate of new business formation by women has outpaced that of men and other minority groups (Powell & Eddleston, 2013). The increase in women business ownership has also increased the amount of research focused on women small business owners (Avolio, 2011). Some researchers have sought to understand why the businesses owned by women generate 25% lower profits than the average businesses in the United States (Small Business Administration [SBA], 2012). Further research focusing on how women run their businesses to increase profitability could support the improved profits of additional women small business owners (Marlow & McAdam, 2013).
Women small business owners may have motivations and decision-making processes that require distinctive financial strategies when running a business (Powell & Eddleston, 2013). Women may desire a work-family balance and to obtain this balance may need distinctive financial strategies. In addition, financial decisions made by women business owners may have significant positive implications on the
Steve Craig, in his article Men’s Men and Women’s Women especially define how different sexes in advertisement can influence a particular audience towards a product; one stereotypical method he describes is “Men’s Women” (Craig).One such ad using sex appeal, and a basic structure of “Men’s Women” to bring in customer was made by BMW in 2008 to sell their used cars. BMW, which is a world-renowned company known for its performance heavy automobiles, targets a male audience by comparing a gorgeous woman to their cars.This ad by BMW, who no doubt make amazing cars, degrade women through its message, and it enforces Steve Craig’s “Men’s women” tactic, but this ad also goes a step further and displays the ever-present patriarchy in advertisement overtly.
Lesley Gillespie, the cofounder of Australia’s most successful bakery, Baker’s Delight, has shown many, if not all, of the traits required to be a successful entrepreneur, and is now on the BRW Rich Women 2015 list. In an equal partnership with husband Roger, her position as joint chief executive puts her on the list of a minority of business owned by women, especially in the 1980’s when Bakers Delight was opened. Though she has said that she has not faced many barriers to being a woman in business, apart from a few instances, a woman would likely not have made it to be so successful without focus, thinking of those around her, passion, self motivation and without being a hard worker, all of which are traits required to be an entrepreneur.
First, I would like to congratulate Shania Jackson for endeavoring to open a Christian coffee shop as she would possibly be a part of a group of women-owed businesses across the United States that has added to the economy by expanding jobs, and generating 3 trillion dollars in revenue each year. Moreover, women-owned businesses were responsible for employing 6.4% of the working population of the U.S, equating to 7.6 million people employed in 2007 (Mee,2012). Unfortunately, women are less likely to use formal sources of acquiring capital to fund their businesses due to feeling disrespected by their financial institutions, and will obtain funding from their personal resources and network, and for this reason, Shania’s husband Marvin
These women, although they lived in a third world country, have the skill and gumption to go into business for themselves, and “be their own boss”. In the United States, more women have the ability
Entrepreneurs are an essential part of stimulating the economy while creating new businesses as a key driver in any economy. With entrepreneurship comes struggle and a host of barriers that interfere with achieving a successful career path. Two prominent female entrepreneurs encountered similar struggles throughout their careers that dealt with family issues, public and media criticism as well as negative encounters with the law. With a variety of business approaches and personalities, Martha Stewart, a highly successful businesswoman, turned everyday household activities into a multi-million dollar empire and Martha Billes, also a richly successful businesswoman, fought hard to take ownership of Canadian Tire at the age of 61. Both entrepreneurs faced the adversities of being women growing up in the 1940’s, where society held negative views against them because they were expected to be domestic stay at home mothers and wives rather than businesswomen, and also based on the many similar flaws in their career paths such as their numerous times in court, ugly divorces and being targeted for their stern personalities. However their passion, stern attitudes, and alternate mindsets inspired and drove them to do whatever it took to succeed, regardless of what critics said. It was because of their lack of family support, public disapproval, and experiences with the court of law that developed their similar stern and ambitious personalities that allowed them to become great
In twenty-century, women become more independent in the society. According to A Century of Women, Deborah Felder analyzes the history of women have their own rights through history. The book talks about the suffrage and events in women history. The book divides each chapter decades-by-decades basis, which gives clear information to readers to understand the events from the history. I chose 1917 through 1920, because those are the time when women started to have their right to vote.
Two weeks ago, Feminist Frequency launched a crowdfunding campaign for Ordinary Women, our new video series about incredible, defiant women throughout history, and we’re pleased to say that we’re on our way, having raised over $73,000 from more than 1,200 supporters so far. Your generosity and enthusiasm mean everything to us, especially in light of the pushback we get every time we speak up or speak at all.
Small businesses are independently owned, for profit businesses which employees no more than 500 employees and are not dominant in its competitive area. Small Businesses are critical for the US economy because more than 99 percent of businesses in the US fall under the small business category (Farrell, Hirt & Farrell, 2009). This is clearly why small businesses are important for the US economy because of its percentage make up for the business industry. Small businesses also create opportunities for minorities and give women the opportunity to successful in the business world. Small business owners are not guaranteed
At the start of the twentieth century, the idea of women in business seemed crazy. In those days, men held all the positions of power and made all the decisions about money. They believed that a woman’s place was in the home, looking after her children, cooking for her family and managing the house. If a woman needed to work she could perhaps find a job in a shop or in a factory, but she had no chance of working as a businesswoman or a banker or a lawyer.
When a business is successful it is able to provide a sustainable income. By having two incomes, the family can better financially support their children, along with their other financial obligations. School will be more affordable for children, and they can see what accomplishments their parents have achieved. Children will gain more responsibilities at home, and help them learn new skills along the way (Sagalla & Carney, 2012). Through all of the obstacles that women have faced struggling for the right to have a career, it can be empowering to have a career. Women did not give up, and knew that they had what it took to support a family, as well as themselves. Because it was a challenge, women started working harder for what they wanted, and helped them become better business women. Their confidence rose, and having more opportunities gave them a purpose (Dina, 2012).
The subjects for the current study will consist of U.S. small business owners selected using multiple sampling frames. Although multiple sampling frames hamper generalization to the population, it allows for convenience and is suitable for difficult and rare populations (). Subjects in the study must fit the definition of small business owner, one who establishes an independently owned and operated business for profit in the United States and has less than 500 employees.
Many people have their own views on the Small Business Administration. Two women who know about the SBA have their own opinions about the overall administration in an article called, “Should the Small Business Administration be Abolished?” The women’s names are Veronique de Rugy and Barbara Kasoff. Ms. de Rugy wrote a small article with the title, “Yes: It Is a Waste of Money.” Ms. Kasoff goes against what Ms. de Rugy and creates an article with the title as, “Its Role Is a Crucial One.” In Ms. de Rugy’s article she goes off saying, “...the SBA hurts more small businesses than it helps, wastes taxpayer money, and distorts economic activity.” Opposing what Ms. de Rugy said Barbara Kasoff believes that, “About half of the people who work in this country are employed by a small business.” She also
One in five firms with revenue of $1 million or more is woman-owned. 3% of all women-owned firms have revenues of $1 million or more compared with 6% of men-owned firms. According to those statistics we can assume that there are more men-owned business and more men have million dollar business. However , this doesn’t mean that men are more successful than women. Women-owned business tend to last longer as women usually do not take risks and can maintain good standing. Women-owned businesses have less bankruptcy than men-owned businesses. Also women-owned business has grown over time by 44%, which is twice as fast as men-owned firms.
According to a research study conducted in Tamil Nadu following are the businesses pursued by women entrepreneurs:-
In this paper the history of women in the workforce will be outlined, as well as the challenges they face. The changing attitudes towards women taking over family businesses will be looked at briefly, how women lead in comparison to how men lead, and a comparison of their leadership style will also be discussed.