CHAPTER FOUR
[Chapter four deals with the paradoxes of casualties, irony of errors, USA’s response to victims, who is accountable for attacks, advantages and disadvantages of drone attacks.]
4.1 Persistence of Civilian Casualties in Military Operations by US officials
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hough the actual number of civilian causalities was always high, yet, according to US officials, drone strikes have caused relatively few civilian deaths, and sometimes drones caused no harm at all. Luckily, there were some leaks in the media regarding the causalities. Obama Administration officials have claimed that the number of causalities is just between 20 and 50 civilians since 2008. In a report, US officials claimed there were just 50 civilian deaths since 2001 to 2011. Former Director of the CIA, Leon Panetta, said, that airstrikes in Pakistan made a limited amount of collateral damage, he said it in 2009. CIA and US officials was busy in hiding the real collateral damages caused by drone strikes. The actual damage on property was all ways very high according to the eye witnesses and the local media reports.
In case of publishing the real number of causalities, current and former US military officials have expressed their deep skepticism. They tried to say that the casualties were always low or no existence of casualties. Surprisingly, Jeffrey Addicott, former senior legal adviser to the US Army Special Forces, unveiled his experiences. He said, “based on my military experience, there’s simply no
Byman’s tone in this article can be described as defensive. In his argument, Byman attempts to refute the arguments of many Americans that maintain that drones should be eliminated. This is demonstrated in Byman’s response to public criticism that using drones creates more terrorists. He states, “critics...
The “Unmanned: America’s Drone Wars” is a documentary that discusses more in depth what are the effects of drone strikes on the society, victims and their families. It shows a story of killing innocent children like Tariq and his younger cousin who were hit by a drone strike on their way to a soccer match. In Tariq’s case there was an
In recent years, the number of terrorist attacks have increased since the use of drones. One terrorist attempted to blow up an American airliner in 2009, and another tried to blow up Times Square with a car bomb in 2010 (Source K). Both had stated that drone strikes in Pakistan, Yemen, and Somalia motivated them to do this (Source K). A picture drawn by Paresh shows a drone dropping a bomb near a civilian; the next day, the victim rises from the grave, bringing with them radicalism and anti-americanism (Source E).
In President Obama’s speech on drone policy, given on May 23, 2013 in Washington D.C., he asserts, “dozens of highly skilled al Qaeda commanders, trainers, bomb makers and operatives have been taken off the battlefield... Simply put, those [drone} strikes have saved lives.” Many American’s support this view. According to a July 18, 2013 Pew Research survey, 61% of Americans supported drone strikes in Pakistan, Yemen, and Somalia (Drake). However, this belief that drone strikes make the United States safer by decimating terrorist networks around the world is widely contested. An opposing viewpoint is that these strikes create more terrorist than they kill. There is a common misperception that drones are precise, killing only the target and entourage. According to a meta-study of drone strikes, between 8 to 17% of all people killed are civilians (Sing). People who see their loved ones injured or killed in drone
This is exactly what happened to a 22 year old in Pakistan when a missile shot
The film goes on to criticize the American governments claim that drone strikes are only authorized when there is certainty that no innocent criticizes will be killed. However, the film points out that in the vast majority of those killed by drone strikes were not high value targets, and often US officials were not certain who they killed, and how many were killed due to their reliance of signature strikes. By rely on signature strikes to designate targets, callously disregards the need to determine the identities of who will be hit by such strikes, and, as the film argues, this is clearly illustrated by the fact that when signature strikes are carried out larger numbers of civilians are killed compared to strikes where targets are properly
The general argument made by Natalie Dalziel in her 2014 article “Drone Strikes: Ethics and Strategy” is that U.S. drone strikes have many “strategic consequences” (6). More specifically, she argues that drone strikes “incite” terrorist attacks by “targeting the symptom of the problem rather than the cause” (Dalziel 6). She writes that U.S. drone strikes destabilize and “undermine the legitimacy of governments” where drone strikes occur by turning people to groups like al Qaeda “out of anger” over their government's failure to prevent drone strikes (Dalziel 5). In addition, she writes that methods like the “signature strike and double-tap” increase the number of civilian casualties which leads to more “retaliation for the strikes” (Dalziel
The main unknown and controversial discussion surrounding drone attacks is the ambiguity that coincides with who is made victim by these strikes. One of the main purposes of the military is distinguishing between combatants and innocent bystanders and as drone
After 9/11, the U.S started to implement policies intended to combat terrorism in hopes of preventing further attacks and bring those who were involved to justice. One such policy that the U.S started was to implement the heavy use of drones- unmanned aircraft capable of bombing specific targets. These drones would be controlled by a pilot remotely from the U.S, thousands of miles from where the strikes were taking place. The U.S used these drones to assassinate suspects who were believed to have been linked to terrorism as well as various targets that were deemed to be associated with terrorism, such as weapons factories. Currently, however, there is a debate on the legality, morality, and effectiveness of drones. One side sees the drones as effective at destroying targets while at the same time, minimizing civilian casualties. On the other hand, the other side believes that drones are reliable for
Empirical studies of targeted killings and civilian casualties in counterinsurgency and counterterrorism show that drone strikes may obtain either of the following two outcomes:
Terrorism is extremely sensitive subject, and rightfully so. I believe the United States has attempted to help form some form of defense in order to combat the growing threat of terrorism. Although I agree something must be done, I tend to disagree with the strategy. Yet, I will admit I really do not know what I would do if I was in a leadership positions and was forced to make a decision or come up with a plan. One such problem was spoken about by the NPR, in the debate about the US Drone policy. In one manner, Drones provide a safe way for the killing of dangerous individuals without ever putting a US solider in danger. However, Critics are likely to point out these Drone Strike occasionally have civilian causalities. My point simply being
In 2009, in Yemen, a cruise missile struck and killed 41 civilians, 22 of which were children and 14 of which were women. In the aftermath, three more died from “unexploded munitions” (Shane 1). This “collateral damage,” as many civilian casualties had been called, has caused more problems than it has solved by incurring a very strong
Opponents argue that by removing one of the key restraints to warfare – the risk to one’s own forces – unmanned systems make undertaking armed attacks too easy and will make war more likely. Evidence is beginning to emerge that it is the persistent presence of UAVs sitting over remote villages and towns simply looking for ‘targets of opportunity’ that may be leading to civilian casualties. The CIA oversees drone strikes as part of counterterrorism operations, but US officials refuse to discuss the program publicly. According to a tally by the nonpartisan New America Foundation, since 2004 there have been more than 260 US drone strikes in Pakistan, which the foundation estimates killed between 1,600 and 2,500 people. Not everyone feels comfortable with all this. Critics say that the legal and
The US has conducted over four hundred drone strikes in Pakistan alone since. From these attacks, estimates state that between 700 and 900 civilians have died. This is almost one quarter of the total deaths from these strikes, and these people have died from no transgression. These people live in fear, earning small amounts of money, living small, innocent lives. However no life on our earth can be small enough to die for no good reason. Since 2004, there have been less than 50 recorded civilian deaths in the US that have been conducted by Islamic extremist groups, not just groups from Pakistan. These attacks do serve a purpose, however the cost of human life is too great. Those affected by drone attacks do not have the power to stop this. It’s down to me, it’s down to you and it’s down to us.
A defense for acceptable civilian deaths can be made due to the rarity and value of a target over another. If a high value target appears for the first time in five years, it can ba attractive to value the death of that individual over the life of a few civilians, especially if that target is known to be directly responsible for the deaths of soldiers and American citizens. However, this argument begins to fall apart when examined in the greater context. If the death of one enemy combatant is worth more than than the life of one civilian, every operation will become result in weighing operational need with regard to the