A-Chlorotoluene Research Paper

It is also commonly known as terachloromethane. Like many chemical compounds if carbon tetrachloride is ingested, inhaled, or absorbed through skin there is a chance of death, so it is important to use with with respect and care (proper protection). Under normal condition carbon tetrachloride is a very stable and clear and colourless substance. Since carbon tetrachloride can cause the liver and kidneys to degenerate it is consider a carcinogen. The chemical formula is CCI4 and it has a molar mass of 153.82 g/mol. Despite being poisonous, and having a strong odor, carbon tetrachloride is

Among all chemicals found at Love Canal, some caused minor health effects, such as skin irritation caused by dibromoethane and benzoic acid, but others were more serious. Since the chemicals became airborne, they caused respiratory conditions as well. Some of the major chemicals associated with Love Canal include benzaldehyde, which is an allergen, and benzene, which is a skin irritant with chronic effects, such as leukemia and anemia. Carbon tetrachloride is tied to acute effects, such as hepatitis and kidney damage, and chronic effects, such as liver tumors. Chloroform caused central nervous narcosis, skin and respiratory irritation, and stomach symptoms. The main chemical found was dioxin, which was most severe in its health effects; chronic effects included nervous system disorders and psychological

Backtrack to April 22, 1915. Halfway around the world in Ypres, Belgium, German forces surprise two French Colonial divisions by unleashing nearly 150 tons of pure fatal chlorine gas. Because they had never been exposed to chemical warfare on a scale like this; The French forces had no protection against this deadly toxin. This lack of preparation sent front line troops into a panic. Nearly 6,000 troops were killed because of the deadly gas. These soldiers did not die peacefully, as they choked and burned to death as if they were parasites. The Germans, who bombarded “No man’s land” and the front line trenches with the chlorine gas were equally as surprised with the devastation the unbeatable gas left. Long story short, although German forces had a major advantage with this toxic new weapon; they failed to come out of the Second Battle of Ypres with a victory. Shortly after worldwide mass production of gas masks were being put into effect for the war. This first use of chemical warfare changed the entire

5ppm of chlorine produces eye irritation, headaches; throat irritation can occur at 5-15ppm, 30ppm produces immediate chest pain, nausea, vomiting, dyspnea and cough. 40-60ppm produces toxic pneumonitis and pulmonary edema. 430ppm always causes death within 30minutes and 1,000ppm is fatal within minutes. However the factors which are affecting the amount of organ exposure are structural barriers which show that only certain organs chlorine affects and not the whole system. As we look at genetics chlorine does not seem to affect the human reproductive system but in rats it killed them after 20 days and the foetuses were examined however having improper orientation of the heart tissues and other systems.

To verify our hypothesis, benzyl chloride 1a was initially chosen as a model substrate for an optimization of the various reaction parameters. In this optimization, we investigated the effect of parameters such as various oxidants additives, bases, solvent and various equivalents of the oxidant and additive. The results are shown in Table 2. The benzoic anhydride product 2a was produced in low yield 10% using 2 equiv. of TBHP as an oxidant, 4 mol% of NaI as an additive, 0.1 equiv of K2CO3 as the base in 0.75 mL of chlorobenzene at 120 °C for 3h (entry 1). Also, the increasing of reaction time for 5 of had no substantial effect on the yield of product 2a (entry 2). Therefore, in order to improve the yield of product, the effect of other additives

The element Fluorine is an extraordinary element. The uses for this element are vast and very extensive. This element was discovered in 1810 and very long ago. The element was discovered by Henri Moissan. The origin of the word ”Fluorine” came from the Latin word fluere meaning “to flow”. F is the symbol for Fluorine to make it shorter.

The chlorine atom has 7 electrons in its outer shell so it needs just for one electron to be stable.

Polyvinylchloride is the widely accepted trivial name for poly (1-chloroethene) and, in terms of worldwide production, is one of the three most important polymers in current use, the other two being polyethylene and polystyrene. PVC has numerous uses, including cable insulation, packaging, and toys.

First of all, tetrachloroethylene is a nonflammable colourless liquid which goes by with the formula C2Cl4. Tetrachloroethylene is a reaction between two elements: chlorine (Cl) and carbon (C). This reaction raises a lot of concerns since it is mainly used for dry-cleaning fabrics and metal degreasing operations. Firstly, the exposure to tetrachloroethylene has many negative effects on the health of humans and the environment. Effects that develop from severe (short term) high-level intake exposure of humans include the irritation of the upper respiratory tract and eyes, kidney dysfunction, and many neurological effects such as behavioral changes, impairment of coordination, dizziness, headaches, sleepiness as well as unconsciousness. The effects

Chlorine is used for many useful purposes in the world of medicine. For this reason, it is important to understand what chlorine is and how it works at the atomic level. The first notable piece of information taken from Figure 1 is the shells of the model. Each shell can be thought of as an orbit around an atom's nucleus. The shells, from the inside out, are labeled as the 1 shell, 2 shell and 3 shell. They can also be called K shell, L shell and M shell, respectively. The first most important piece of information taken from Figure 1 are the shells. Each shell has a fixed number of electrons that it can hold. 1 shell can hold up to two electrons, 2 shell can hold up to eight electrons and 3 shell can hold up to 18 electrons. The number of shells

Triclosan – this preservative and antibacterial agent creates chloroform gas together with water. The gas can cause cancer and affect the function of the endocrine system negatively.

Sodium benzoate is a syntethic additive which is widely used in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries. A wide range of international studies revealed it’s damage on health status. In this context, the present review presents an overview on the effects of sodium benzoate on human and animals

Higher concentration of chlorinated water was found can cause miscarriage in pregnant women due to the formation of cancer-causing byproducts which is trihalomethanes such as carcinogenic chloroform and carbon tetrachloride. The formation of trihalomethanes is due to the reaction between free chlorine and the organic matter which originally present in the water. This statement was prove in one study with 5,000 pregnant women in the Fontana, Walnut Creek and Santa Clara areas of California as the samples and found that pregnant women who drank more than five glasses a day of tap water containing over 75 parts per billion of THMs had a 9.5% risk of spontaneous abortion such as miscarriage if compared 5.7% risk found in those women who are less

There many of problems that can come from chronic exposure to benzene, being exposed to too much benzene could reduce your red and white blood cell. In the essay, we are going to cover the some of the histories of benzene in the relationship to leukemia. We are going to talk about the effect that benzene has on younger children and cancer. After, we are going to cover some different countries other than the United States and how air toxic pollution is having a negative effect on their atmosphere. Then we will talk about the REDD program and lastly talk about what Norway is doing to help with this problem

Chlorine is a widely known element found in salt, cleaning agents, antibacterial agents, and some dyes. Chlorine is an extremely reactive halogen, its chemical symbol is Cl, and its atomic mass is 35.45. The element’s atomic number is 17, and its density is 0.003214 g per cubic cm. Chlorine is not a free element, but it is sometimes found in volcanic gas. The element is mostly found in other compounds, and when extracted, is a dense gas that is heavier than air; its color is a greenish-yellow. The gas has an extremely overpowering smell, and it is toxic to humans in large quantities. It is extremely corrosive, and it can also explode if it mixes with Hydrogen. Chlorine is soluble, and if mixed with water it dissolves to create an acid. Chlorine’s boiling point is -34.6 °C, it freezes at -100.98°C, and it melts at -101.5°C. The element’s electron configuration is 1s22s22p63s23p5.