A Case Study 7 Mrs Mei Li Huong

A normal cell replicates and divides into two cells which in turn divide into four daughter cells and so on by DNA replication in mitosis. As the cell grows old, it dies because of the programmed cell death known as apoptosis. The dead cells are then replaced with new cells. However when the DNA of the cell is damaged, for example when there is a genetic change such as DNA mutation or defective protein synthesis, the cell becomes abnormal. It begins to divide uncontrollably and forms a growth (cancerous tumour), in contrast to the normal cell in which

When considering Mr. Chang’s mother case the best course of action I think is to tell the truth which will help the mother participant in the decision making, she will be able to complete her end of life goals, and it will enhance the care and treatment for her diagnosis. The first reason why I think consulting to the mother about her condition is the ethical thing to do is because it will allow her to make her own decision. Looking at the health providers view, “Both Dr. Scott and Mr. Merrill believes strongly that Mr. Chang is being unfair to his mother in not allowing her to be informed of the condition” (205). In this case her family wish should not uphold her from knowing about her condition, she has to informed about all the relevant

A mitotic inhibitor is a drug inhibiting mitosis or cell division. Mitotic inhibitors are widely used in cancer treatment, because cancer cells can grow and eventually spread through the body via continuous mitotic division.

Chemotherapy is the use of one or more anticancer (cytotoxic) drugs to damage cancer cells so they can’t grow and reproduce. Chemotherapy is most effective on cells that are actively growing and dividing. Because many cancer cells tend to grow and divide quickly, they are sensitive to the effects of chemotherapy.

Cancer cell divide by bypassing the three cell checkpoints, G1, S, and G2. (Seitz) The cancerous cells can pass through the checkpoints by tricking the cell into the next phase, where a normal cell would have caught the error and stopped the cell cycle. ("Karyotyping Cancer Cells.") Cancerous cells are not reserved by size, allowing them to grow and replicate. (Seitz) Cancerous cells are extremely dangerous and can trick cells into creating more.

These agents are used to break the DNA strands in the cells, thereby killing the

Diverse pathological conditions, such as cancer and atherosclerosis, share a common molecular basis: deregulation of cell cycle progression . In these disease states, normally quiescent cells are induced to proliferate. Since the dysfunction of cell cycle pathways is a common thread among various conditions, regulators of these pathways would be logical targets of therapeutic agents. In order

Mrs. L. is 29 years old female and has been pregnant for 30 weeks. After a car accident, she has abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding. Her vital signs are RR:20, P:104, BP:80/50, T:37.5, pain level: 6 out of 10, and she needs an emergency C-section. To prepare the patient for surgery, the staff nurse and I give her a 16 gauge intravenous catheter insertion. During the procedure, Mrs. Lee is screaming, shaking and tearful. Both the staff nurse and I are stressed during the

Brain cancer affects the cell cycle by causing the cells to go out of control. It starts out normal but the cells in the brain start going though the cell cycle and rapidly dividing the cancerous cells. Therefore, the immune system thinks that the cells are doing their job so the immune system does nothing. The cell cycle is the natural and orderly progression that cells take to undergo proper division. The cell cycle is a series of four steps which are G1, S, G2, and M. G1 phase is prepares cells for copying, S phase directs the copying of the DNA, G2 phase leads to further cell growth. The M phase represents the stage where the single mother cell divides into two daughter cells.

A complex process that is constantly occurring in our bodies is the cell division cycle. The most common form of cell division is mitosis, where one cell becomes two. However, in cancer, it begins with one normal cell changing into a cancerous cell. Once a cell in the body is changed in this way, it tends to multiply much faster than normal. For example, lung cancer is the uncontrolled production of irregular cells that begins in one or both lungs.

Chemotherapy refers to the use of medicines or drugs to treat cancer. The capacity of chemotherapy to murder cancer cells relies on upon its capacity to end cell division. For the most part, the medications work by harming the RNA or DNA that advises the cell how to duplicate itself in division. In the event that the cells can 't partition, they eventually die. The faster the cells are partitioning, the more probable it is that chemotherapy will murder the cells, creating the tumor to contract. The utilization of medications (whether chemotherapy, hormonal treatment or focused on treatment) constitutes systemic treatment or tumor in that they are brought into the circulatory system and are along these lines on

Other drugs with activity in advanced breast cancer include vinorelbine and gemcitabine. Vinorelbine is a vinca alkaloid with reported response rates of 31–50% as first-line therapy for metastatic breast cancer and 25–47% of patients who received the drug as second-line treatment. Gemcitabine is a deoxycytidine analogue that has reported activity of 15–37% as other therapy and has demonstrated improvement in response rates and time to treatment when combined with paclitaxel in patients with prior anthracycline exposure (Moulder et al.,

The cell cycle is separated into multiple stages such as G0, G1, S, G2, and M phase. During the G0 phase is the stage in which there is no sign of the cell preparing to separate but, rather a stagnant cell. The G1 phase involves the expansion of the cell and gathering all the nutrients and energy to prepare for the upcoming processes of the cell cycle. In the S phase,

The cell cycle, the process by which cells progress and divide, lies at the heart of cancer. In normal cells, the cell cycle is controlled by a complex series of signaling pathways by which a cell grows, replicates its DNA and divides.

iii. Even stronger medications used called TCA’s and MAOI’s however worse side effects may occur so they are used as a last resort.