9. RNC Site Solutions
9.1 Site connectivity solutions
There are various options for connection of the RNC site to the rest of the operator’s network. In this study only the IP related options shall be studied, thus the only considered scenarios are layer 3 (routed, IP based) and layer 2 (switched, Ethernet) transport.
9.1.1 Layer 3 (routed) backbone and access network
In case IP technology is used for both backbone and access transport the whole site connectivity (despite of PSTN and legacy TDM links) can be handled by a single site switch (a redundant switch can be deployed for protection). Connectivity to the MNO’s (core) backbone and the regional access transport is provided by site edge router(s) (SER), which will most likely be
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By using gateway protection mechanisms (such as VRRP or HSRP; see chapter Error! Reference source not found. for more details) the solution becomes protected against failure of the site device and resilience is remarkably increased. Figure 25: Reference topology for Layer 3 network using redundant multi-layer routers as site equipment
9.1.1.4 Redundant topology with dedicated switches and routers Figure 26: Logical reference topology for Layer 3 network using redundant site switches and routers as site equipment
Again, the configuration can also be realized by using dedicated devices as shown in Figure 26. Compared to single switch/router scenario reduced (unit) redundancy requirements apply for the devices, because higher availability is achieved by duplicated hardware. This solution might be cheaper than the previous one. Furthermore, it might be more feasible if routers are already present (e.g. at core sites) or provided by backbone providers.
Please note that the figure above shows a logical representation of the topology. For example the connection between the two routers (dotted line) is a layer 3 connection and thus no physical cabling is required. The physical realization of this topology is shown in Figure 27. Interconnection of the two aggregation switches is required for NPGEP switchover (IP address of failing unit is moved to backup unit which is
Currently all the sites are still running 56K modems, this technology is outdated. This is technology is hindering the communication speed between each site. Having a high-speed connection is crucial to provide real time updates. These updates provide the profits made each day and the inventory sold so that those items can be restocked in real-time. These modems will be used as redundant system and a new Wide Area Network (WAN) will be created, each site will be setup with a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN). The WAN will connect all the WLANs together. This will boost the network speed of the WAN and improve the way employees communicate. The network will be able to support a Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) for telephone
* Lack of Redundancy - The networks currently only have one path out. For instance, if the gateway/switch at the Hangzhou, China plant goes down, the various departments running off that switch will be isolated from the rest of the network.
The network consists hardware and software components and other components to keep the company safe. A common network that Jay’s company will need are routers, switches, firewalls, load balancers, SANs, and Domain Name System (DNS). The router and switches will allow the systems to communicate. Jay needs to ensure that the routers have spare capacity after the deployment to cope with projected growth and usage. The switches will connect to the system within the network. Both running at capacity tend to induce escalating bottlenecks. This will affect how long it takes for the clients to submit messages to the servers on different networks, Jay needs to make sure he is up to date with the router and switch because it can cost greatly if he does not.
Since the data center has several servers that include critical data, including research, studies, patents, and experiments, I have decided keep the data center inside the internal network, so there is no direct interface with internet. The data center will be connected to two servers as it is shown in figure 4. I have decided to use two Cisco Catalyst 3850 Series switches, that support encryption and provide scalability and resilience.
During this section of my blog you would be able to view all the different types of typical services provided by networks and the purpose of each where I discuss the advantages and disadvantages of them all.
MegaCorp is a large manufacturing firm that operates 5 factories in Dallas, 4 factories in Los Angeles, and 5 factories in Albany, New York. It operates a tightly connected order management system that coordinates orders, raw materials, and inventory across all 14 factories. What type of WAN architecture and WAN service would you recommend? Why?
Another thing about this switch is, it has 4 fiber optic ports rather than the 48 Gigabit Ethernet ports. By these 04 ports we can create hi speed uplinks. Also this has 48 ports. That means rack space also can save.
The best network design to ensure the security of Corporation Techs internal access while retaining public Web site availability consists of several layers of defense in order to protect the corporation’s data and provide accessibility to employees and the public.
A trunk connects to the switch nodes. Exchange information from central office to branches. In the data network, we have two methods. first thing trunk transfer data from local area network to virtual area networks. Second trunk bod multi-physical link to single. this trunking. Trunk port defined in IEEE standards.
I choose the devices needed for the new implementation: Cisco Catalyst 6500 router and 2800 series four switches will be utilized. Here is the cost of effective access switches that are capable of VLAN, DTP, DHCP, RSTP, PoE, and furthermore, price can range from $1,400-$3,500 dollars each. These switches offer integrated security including network control and quality service, they also offer redundancy to provide and deliver intelligent services for a networking edge. Therefore, they include flexibility in the routing series as increased port density which could induce a rapid growth in networks without any additional cost at any time. However, the more capacity a device may have the more beneficial it will be to the administrator user, when setting up any secure measures throughout the configuration process of vlans and networks. The network accessibility will be ensured throughout the provision of redundancy of routers throughout the xACME network on each site or trade school. Although, optic fiber cables will be used to connect all layer 2 and 3 switches and servers, spanning tree protocol will be set on switched to address to eliminate any bridging loops from entering into any
The purpose of this paper is to provide a better understanding of switching and routing used in a network environment and familiarize the reader with various hardware and software associated with there functions. This paper will look at some switching concepts that will include store and forward switching, cut through switching, fragment free switching, and V-Lan. This paper will also cover routing concepts, along with some comparisons including routed vs. routing protocols, Classful vs. classless protocols, and distance vector vs. link state protocols.
If any server like the file, print etc. fail then the whole network is affected. If any hardware fails the nodes cannot be used.
To allow the regional offices to pass traffic securely a GRE IPsec tunnel will be created between offices. This will allow all data to be encrypted prior to being sent out to the internet. This will prevent unauthorised reading or manipulation of sensitive data. The UK office will have two tunnels, one to each branch office. In order for the remote branches to communicate with each other their traffic will pass through the head office. The initial part of the configuration is the addition of GRE tunnels between the offices. These will be based on /30 subnets within the 192.168.0.0 range. Ethernet allows packets of up to 1500 bytes to pass through it. As the GRE header adds an additional overhead to each packet Cisco recommend configuring the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) to 1400 bytes. An additional aid is to add the TCP adjust-mss 1360 which keep the TCP SYN packets small enough to pass across the tunnel.
Through the distribution fiber (DF), each output port of RN1 goes to a different remote node 2 (RN2) which includes a power splitter (PS), and then each output port of the PS is connected to a different ONU by the last mile fiber (LMF). According to the RN1 configuration, we have three variants of a TWDM-PON architecture: a) Wavelength Selected TWDM-PON with PSs at the RN1; b) Wavelength Split TWDM-PON with arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) at the RN1; and c) Wavelength Switched TWDM-PON with wavelength selective switches (WSSs) at the RN1. The wavelength selected TWDM-PON is a fully flexible solution as the PS at RN1 broadcasts all wavelengths to all users, but has a high insertion loss and poor security due to the use of only PSs. The wavelength split TWDM-PON has a fixed wavelength allocation and thus will not be able to serve flexibility advantages. However, paper [4] shows that the full flexibility is not always required and a partial flexible solution can already give several advantages of flexibility. Overcoming the drawbacks of both wavelength selected and wavelength split, paper [5] proposed such a partially flexible solution with a WSS in RN1, which we refer as the wavelength switched TWDM-PON.
Networking architecture is vital in the organisation of any business firm in today's globalised world. RFID, Cloud Computing, Intranet Network Architecture and Digital Rights Management (DRM) are major fields of endeavour that require the resources of companies. Increasingly, all aspects of an organisation are linked via the Internet and various other technologies in ways of connectivity that we did not even imagine before.