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2008-2009 Ethnographic Case Study

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Equity and Engagement
In a 2008-2009 ethnographic case study of four fifth grade classrooms with varying levels of Native American student enrollment, Stone and Hamann (2012) seek the reasons for performance disparity amongst American Indian students’ attending schools that implemented inquiry-based mathematics through the Investigations, an inquiry-based math curriculum. Additionally, Stone and Hamann (2012) examine what, if any strategy existed at the fourth school that explained high achievement amongst all student groups. Employing multilevel modeling of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study—Kindergarten Cohort of 1998–1999 (ECLS-K) Robinson (2013) examines the association amongst the influences of poverty, math achievement, and behavioral …show more content…

Analysis
Comparison and Implications
Equity remains one of NCTM’s six principles for school mathematics. “Excellence in mathematics education requires equity—high expectations and strong support for all students” (National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, 2000) When teachers maintain low expectations for marginalized student populations they deemphasize tasks that require higher order thinking such as problem-solving. “The stereotype of Black students being underachievers is maintained by the social context of schooling, teachers’ attitudes and practices, and how Black youth themselves take up or act upon the underachiever stereotype” (James, 2012, p. 482). Likewise, when teachers maintain high expectations students act upon these expectations. Teachers that maintain raised expectations presume students are capable of moving beyond basic computations towards applying these skills towards problem solving. Stone and Hamann contend that it remains necessary to “account for …show more content…

59). Furthermore, Stone and Hamann (2012) state, “Ultimately, these four sites did not lend themselves to a direct test of whether or how inquiry-based mathematics education was helping American Indian elementary students or reducing achievement gaps” (p. 61). Implementation of Investigations garnered universally higher scores, however the impact on the achievement gap remained marginal (Stone & Hamann, 2012). Consequently, Stone sought alternative agents of change, which had the potential to affect American Indian students’ math achievement. Stone and Hamann shifted their focus to observable differences in culture at each of the schools. The modification in the research focus led to the valuable insight that high expectations correlates with improved mathematics scores among all student groups. Although Mueller and Maher’s (2010) study consists of the smallest cohort, the student participants most closely align with the participant group selected for this action research project. Mueller and Maher (2010) offer two vignettes, which provide a rich description of both teacher, and student actions, which led to successful problem-solving in the study. A significant weakness in the study remains a dearth of baseline and summative data. The credibility of the research would be significantly enhanced through

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