2, 4-Dinitrophenyl Oxalate

This experiment investigates an oxidative coupling reaction in an to synthesise triphenylimidazole dimer from 2,4,5-triphenyl-1H-imidazole. The resulting compound was investigated for both photochromic and piezochromic properties by way of formation of a stable radical, utilizing visual observations and UV-Vis as a means of distinction. Both the oxidative coupling reaction and the dimers interaction with light are depicted in the reactions in figure 1.

After synthesizing tert-butyl chloride, the melting point on the compound was found to be 47˚C. According to literature, tert¬-butyl chloride has a melting point of 51˚C, apart from a little bit of deviation, this shows that the correct compound was created. The percent yield obtained for the synthesis of tert-butyl chloride was 47.42%. This could have been due to errors that occurred in the lab. When moving the solution from one test tube or graduated cylinder to another some of the solution may still be left in the tube which lowers the percent yield. Also when working with a simple distillation setup, the vial is not distilled to dryness therefore some of the solution is not collected. Some of the solution can also be trapped on the side

Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (chemical formula (C8H8)x·(C4H6)y·(C3H3N)z) is a graft copolymer synthetised from polymerisation of three monomers, acrylonitrile, 1,3-butadiene and styrene which are shown in Figure 1, and the side chains of ABS plastic are structurally distinct from the main chain. Carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen are the main atoms present in ABS polymers with carbon being the predominant atom. It is a thermoplastic polymer that becomes more pliable when heated and then becomes harder and more rigid when cooled which is a reversible physical change. Each ABS plastic has two phases, a continuous phase of styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) and a dispersed phase of polybutadiene which are shown in Figure 2.

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Ferrioxalate as an ion can undergo a photochemical reaction if it is exposed to light which results in the rather unstable complex of diaquabis(oxalate)ferrate(II) ion. There is no visible change when the reaction occurs since both the reactants and products are colourless. The second solution, potassium ferricyanide, will be prepared and used to test the extent of the photochemical reaction by adding it to the first solution, ferrioxalate. The ferrioxalate solution will be tested with different colours and exposure times of light. We will also establish what colours of light it absorbs by using spectrophotometry.

Being able to identify an unknown compound is incredibly important as it would allow chemists to synthesize compounds in various reactions and identify the products. Although balancing an equation is always possible, full and complete reactions based on a chemical equation are not possible in practice, and as such, being able to identify what was actually created would be important. Additionally, it would be important to

The powdered cobalt oxalate hydrate was weighed to about 0.3 g and placed in a pre-weighed crucible. The crucible and the cobalt oxalate were then heated until the cobalt oxalate decomposed into a stable, black solid, or Co3O4. Once the crucible was sufficiently

Identifying this organic acid was an extensive task that involved several different experiments. Firstly, the melting point had to be determined. Since melting point can be determined to an almost exact degree, finding a close melting point of the specific unknown can accurately point to the identification of the acid. In this case the best melting point

CHE 133 Experiment 3, General Chemistry II Lab, Spring Quarter 2014-2015, DePaul University. [Online] https://www.d2l.depaul.edu (accessed April 25, 2015)

Exercising and overall athleticism can be benefited through the use of Performance Enhancing Drugs (PEDs) and this is why athletes use them, that is, to outcompete other athletes. One type of PED’s are anabolic steroids and these are steroids that are specifically used to promote growth in the muscle and are usually used illegally in sports(Government of USA, 2006; Mayo Clinic Staff, 2015). To counteract this use of drugs, sports organizations do drug tests and use a many techniques to test for drugs and prevent their use INSERT CITATION HERE. One example of an anabolic steroid is oxandrolone and other than some advantages it provides for the body, it can be quite dangerous towards it..

The conjugated electron system in polymethine dyes allows these compounds to absorb light in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Many of the carbocyanine dyes contain a different number of methine carbons with two

The FDA does not require 1,4-dioxane to be listed as an ingredient on product labels because the chemical is a contaminant produced during manufacturing. Without labeling, there is no way to know for certain whether a product contains 1,4,-dioxane, making it difficult for consumers to avoid it. Alternative processes to ethoxylation do exist, but many companies don’t take advantage of them. Vacuum-stripping can remove 1,4-dioxane from an ethoxylated product, or manufacturers can skip ethoxylation entirely by using less-harsh ingredients to begin with. A study by the Organic Consumers Association shows that 1,4-dioxane is nonexistent in a variety of cosmetics certified under the USDA National Organic Program. Therefore, a good way to avoid exposure

However, nitrate reductase can further reduce nitrite to ammonia or molecular nitrogen, which does not react with the reagents and does not produce a colour change. To verify nitrate has been reduced past nitrite, zinc powder is added to the medium. If the medium does not change colour after the addition of zinc powder, then the nitrates in the medium have been reduced further. If the bacterium does not use nitrate, then the addition of zinc powder will reduce the nitrates in the medium to nitrite, changing the medium to a pink or red colour.

Template-assisted spin coating is a similarly easy patterning technique, and, as such, has limitations in the associated geometries which it can produce. A recent effort shows the ability to create an inverse-opal (IO) structure in perovskite films through template-assisted spin coating.44 In this procedure, a monolayer of polystyrene microspheres was placed on top of the substrate during spin-coating of precursor solutions. Following perovskite film growth, the polystyrene

Flow Injection Chemiluminescence (FICL) analysis is becoming increasingly important in various fields because of its high sensitivity, rapidity, simplicity and feasibility. The fast oxidation