1.1 Introduction:. Medical Anthropologists Are Engaged

The author is a nurse in a level two trauma facility in a community of approximately fifty thousand people in Oregon. The community is a college-town surrounded by a large agricultural area. There is a minimal ethnic diversity within the community. The diversity present occurs mainly from internationally students and faculty from the college. There is a growing population of women who desire low interventional births in the community. The author has worked on the labor and delivery unit of the hospital for the last 14 years. The hospital is the only one in the area to offer trial of labor services to women who have previously undergone a cesarean section. The unit on average experiences around 1000 deliveries annually.

Johnson et al. emphasize lower cesarean section rates of physician-mothers under physician-induced demand (2). One reason concerns higher reimbursement of surgical births rather than vaginal deliveries, which functions as a non-medical factor. Financial incentives are imposed on uninformed patients so that cesarean deliveries become more frequent in the health environment. Despite the non-medical factors applying cesarean sections should be regarded in terms of maternal mortality and morbidity. In addition, performing the vaginal delivery safely could involve more resources and treatment of any arising complications during the birth. Patients’ knowledge about interventions could achieve larger cuts in cesarean section

The Broadway musical Bye Bye Birdie premiered in 1960 and continues to enjoy popularity among various audiences. Written and composed by Lee Adams and Charles Strouse, the musical fictionalizes the real-life induction of rock-and-roll idol Elvis Presley through the character of Conrad Birdie into the United States Army. One important element of the musical’s plot is the excitement of a group of teenagers in a small Ohio town when they learn of the arrival of a rock star and the prospect of one lucky girl getting a final good-bye kiss. The version of Bye Bye Birdie that was reviewed for this analysis was an August 2017 stage production by Gulfport Little Theatre. Like the original production of the musical, the Gulfport Little Theater production stayed truthful to biographical details of Elvis’s life and all actors were highly professional in their representation of individual characters; however, unlike the original production, the set was reduced to an absolute minimum which was clearly noticeable to the audience.

Shah then goes on to state how cesarean surgeries may be beneficial, or may not be beneficial to the mother, but are most likely unbeneficial to the newborn, unless there is a serious threat. Shah states, “ … that those born by cesarean were significantly more likely to develop chronic immune disorders.” of which he acquired from a Danish study from two million children born at full term. In contrast Dr.Shah states how many of his patients benefit from his surgeries, even though he stated previously how dangerous they were, and how he gets to save lives and bring new ones into the world. Finally, Shahs closing remarks are on how to fix the overuse of C-sections. Shah states how natural birth is the preferred way to go and that cesarean surgeries should be only for emergency use only and not for choice. In addition, Dr.Shah goes on to say how a perfect way to fix the overuse is to take the “British way” and to “...stay away from obstetricians altogether - at least until you need

The intent of this paper is to examine effective solutions for reducing cesarean deliveries. Cesarean deliveries involve more risk to both the mother and baby than vaginal births do. Cesarean deliveries have a higher potential of complications than vaginal births. Cesarean deliveries cost more, require longer hospital stays, and require more resources—both human and systemic—than vaginal births.

The conclusion was ultimately reached that medical or elective induction of term women was associated with an increased risk of cesarean delivery and that estimate was determined heavily based on the Bishop Scores attained The study closes by advising that induction of labor, whether it is medical or electively induced, should be avoided because a low Bishop score means that the cervix is unripe and even with cervical ripening agents, the study showed that the risk of cesarean delivery for nulliparous women remained unchanged. Their advice is to allow the mothers to spontaneously go into labor if they have an unfavorable Bishop score because it will lower cesarean delivery rates (Vrouenraets et al. 2005). This rationale directly correlates

According to “Human Sexuality: Diversity in Contemporary America,” women and couples planning the birth of a child have decisions to make in variety of areas: place of birth, birth attendant(s), medication, preparedness classes, circumcision, breast feeding, etc. The “childbirth market” has responded to consumer concerns, so its’ important for prospective consumers to fully understand their options. With that being said, a woman has the choice to birth her child either at a hospital or at home. There are several differences when it comes to hospital births and non-hospital births.

For hundred of years, women have wrestled with their womanhood, bodies, and what it means to be a woman in our society. Being a woman comes with a wonderful and empowering responsibility--giving birth. What sets us aside from other countries is that the process and expectations of giving birth has changed in our society; coming from midwifery, as it has always been since the early times, to hospitals where it is now expected to give birth at. Midwifery was a common practice in delivering babies in

Vaginal birth after caesarean (VBAC) is the name used for identifying the method of giving birth vaginally after previously delivering at least one baby through a caesarean section (CS). A trial of labour (TOL) is the term used to describe the process of attempting a VBAC. An elected repeat caesarean (ERC) is the other option for women who have had a caesarean in the past. The rates of women choosing to deliver by means of an ERC has been increasing in many countries, this is typically due to the common assumption that there are too many risks for the baby and mother (Knight, Gurol-Urganci, Van Der Meulen, Mahmood, Richmond, Dougall, & Cromwell, 2013). The success rate of VBAC lies in the range of 56 - 80%, a reasonably high success rate, however, the repeat caesarean birth rate has increased to 83% in Australia (Knight et al., 2013). It is essential to inform women of the contraindications, success criteria, risks, benefits, information on uterine rupture and the role of the midwife in relation to considering attempting a VBAC (Hayman, 2014). This information forms the basis of an antenatal class (Appendix 1) that provides the necessary information to women who are considering attempting a VBAC and can therefore enable them to make their own decision regarding the mode of birth.

In 2013, 289 000 women died during pregnancy and childbirth and it was estimated that everyday 800 women all over the world died from childbirth or childbirth-related problems (World Health Organization, 2014). Often, maternal mortality is found to occur more often in developing countries than developed countries. Maternal mortality refers women who died from the situation like during pregnancy, termination of pregnancy within 42 days, regardless of duration and place of pregnancy, from aggravation caused by the pregnancy or pregnancy management (Nwagha et al, 2010). Maternal mortality may be resulted from direct or indirect cause. Direct causes are from obstetric complications of pregnancy, labour, and puerperium, and interventions whereas indirect causes are from the worsening of current conditions by pregnancy or delivery (Givewell, 2009). This paper aims to examine the causes for maternal mortality in both developed and developing countries and will end with a proposal for government to ensure women are given reproductive health rights.

Giving birth to a baby is the most amazing and miraculous experiences for parents and their loved ones. Every woman’s birth story is different and full of joy. Furthermore, the process from the moment a woman knows that she’s pregnant to being in the delivering room is very critical to both her and the newborn baby. Prenatal care is extremely important and it can impact greatly the quality of life of the baby. In this paper, the topic of giving birth will be discussed thoroughly by describing the stories of two mothers who gave birth in different decades and see how their prenatal cares are different from each other with correlation of the advancement of modern medicine between four decades.

Does everybody think or feels the same about childbirth around the world? This question above is a question that has always been in my mind. Now that I got the opportunity of choosing a topic to do research. I decided to choose childbirth and culture. This research paper is going to talk about how different cultures and countries look a birth in an entirely different manner. Some look at birth as a battle and others as a struggle. And on some occasions, the pregnant mother could be known as unclean or in other places where the placenta is belief to be a guardian angel. These beliefs could be strange for us but for the culture in which this is being practiced is natural and a tradition. I am going to be introducing natural and c-section childbirth. And, the place of childbirth is going to be a topic in this essay. America is one country included in this research paper.

The death penalty has been a huge part of many political debates for decades. Most citizens of the Unite States believe there are two sides, those for and those against its continued use. Those for, tend to believe that it is necessary to keep these criminals out of society and that it deters crime, while those against tend to believe that the practice is medieval and unethical in society today. With a controversial topic like the death penalty, it is important to determine why this controversy exists and if there is a possible solution. The focus at hand is whether or not the United States Government should continue its use of the death penalty and how this answer could be implemented.

Over the years birthing methods have changed a great deal. When technology wasn’t so advanced there was only one method of giving birth, vaginally non-medicated. However, in today’s society there are now more than one method of giving birth. In fact, there are three methods: Non-medicated vaginal delivery, medicated vaginal delivery and cesarean delivery, also known as c-section. In the cesarean delivery there is not much to prepare for before the operation, except maybe the procedure of the operation. A few things that will be discussed are: the process of cesarean delivery, reasons for this birthing method and a few reasons for why this birthing method is used. Also a question that many women have is whether or not they can vaginally

Our group consists of four unique students: Lakendria Gibson, Veronica Williamson, Macalia Owens, and Brianna Coleman. Since we had the pleasure of picking our own groups in class, we were more than happy to be working with each other. We all have different strengths to contribute to the group including communicating with each other, researching the topic, putting the paper together, or maintaining the stocks; therefore, we decided to use everyone’s different attributes separately to complete the project. That way, everyone had something to do and no one would be disengaged with the project or given a grade they did not earn. Maintaining the balance of the group was not easy though we can’t say we didn’t enjoy working together. Overall, if we had the opportunity to be in groups again, we would continue to work with each other.