STAT 211 End-term Practice Problems, Fall 2023 - Set 1 (Answer Keys)
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Houston Community College *
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Course
211
Subject
Statistics
Date
Jan 9, 2024
Type
Pages
43
Uploaded by Avizcaya
Numeric
5 points
Answer Q.1-Q.15 based on the following information.
Suppose, 33 independent readings were observed in the tannery waste disposal experiment
and two of the variables measured were
reduction of total volatile solids and
biochemical oxygen demand. Assume that,
is the response variable, and
, the predictor
variable, in this context.
After analyzing the dataset, we obtained the following output:
Calculate the coef±cient of determination for ±tting the simple linear regression model of
on
? Asnwer up to ±ve decimal places.
Hint: Page 15 of Simple Linear Regression Slides - Chapter 4
0.91295
1
Multiple Choice
5 points
What percentage of the total variability of
can be explained by the simple linear regression
model of
on
? Asnwer up to one decimal place only.
Hint: Page 15 of Simple Linear Regression Slides - Chapter 4
88.3
89.3
90.3
91.3
92.3
2
Numeric
5 points
Under the assumption of zero mean and constant variance
of the unobservable residuals,
obtain an estimate of the residual standard deviation
. Report up to ±ve decimal places.
Hint: Use
.
Hint: Page 52 of Con±dence Interval Lecture Slides - Chapter 7
3.22954
3
Numeric
5 points
What is the associated degrees of freedom in Q.2? Give an exact response.
Hint: Page 52 of Con±dence Interval Lecture Slides - Chapter 7
31
4
Numeric
5 points
Find the least square estimate of the gradient parameter
in the simple linear regressin
model of
on
. Answer up to ±ve decimal places.
Hint: Page 51 of Con±dence Interval Lecture Slides - Chapter 7
0.90365
5
Numeric
5 points
Find the least square estimates of the intercept parameter
in the simple linear regressin
model of
on
. Answer up to ±ve decimal places.
Hint: Page 51 of Con±dence Interval Lecture Slides - Chapter 7
3.82948
6
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Numeric
5 points
Compute
, the estimated simple linear regression function of
on
, when
. Answer up to ±ve decimal places.
Hint: Page 11 of Simple Linear Regression Lecture Slides - Chapter 4
21.90246
7
Numeric
5 points
Find the standard error of the least square estimate
. Answer up to six decimal places.
Hint: Page 53 of Con±dence Interval Lecture Slides - Chapter 7
0.050119
8
Numeric
5 points
Suppose, we wish to estimate a 95% con±dence interval for the gradient parameter
based on the least suqare estimate
. What would be the corresponding margin of error?
Answer up to ±ve decimal places.
Hint: Page 53 of Con±dence Interval Lecture Slides - Chapter 7
0.10222
9
Multiple Choice
5 points
Obtain an estimated 95% con±dence interval for the gradient parameter
based on the
least suqare estimate
.
Hint: Page 53 of Con±dence Interval Lecture Slides - Chapter 7
10
Numeric
5 points
Find the standard error of
, the estimated simple linear regression function of
on
, when
. Answer up to ±ve decimal places.
Hint: Page 53 of Con±dence Interval Lecture Slides - Chapter 7
0.87794
11
Numeric
5 points
Suppose, we wish to estimate a 95% con±dence interval for
, the simple linear
regression function of
on
, when
. What would be the corresponding margin of
error. Answer up to ±ve decimal places.
Hint: Page 53 of Con±dence Interval Lecture Slides - Chapter 7
1.79057
12
Multiple Choice
5 points
Compute an estimated 95% con±dence interval for
, the simple linear regression
function of
on
, when
. Answer up to three decimal places.
Hint: Page 53 of Con±dence Interval Lecture Slides - Chapter 7
13
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Multiple Choice
5 points
What critical constant did you use to obtain the estimated
con±dence intervals in Q.9,
and Q.12.
Hint: Page 53 of Con±dence Interval Lecture Slides - Chapter 7
14
Multiple Answer
5 points
What are the
assumptions
that were
necessary
to ±nd those estimated
con±dence
intervals in Q.10 and Q.13 above? Select all that apply.
Hint: Page 51 of Con±dence Interval Lecture Slides - Chapter 7
The unobservable random errors
are independent.
The unobservable random errors
are normally distributed.
The unobservable random errors
have zero means.
The unobservable random errors
have a common (constant) variance.
15
Multiple Choice
5 points
Which of the following statements about simple linear regression of
on
is
NOT
correct?
Symbols bear their usual signi±cance.
The coef±cient of determination,
, always lies between 0 and 1.
The sign of the estimated slope
must be equal to the sign of
, the sample
correlation coef±cient between
, and
.
The average increase in
for a 1-unit increase in
is
(i.e. the slope parameter).
16
Multiple Choice
5 points
Answer Q.17-Q.23 based on the following information:
Let
have a joint probability density function given by
Find the conditional density of
, for given
.
17
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Multiple Choice
5 points
Find the regression function of
on
.
18
Numeric
5 points
Compute
. Give an exact response. No partial credits will be awarded for an
approximate answer.
0.4
19
Numeric
5 points
Compute
. Give an exact response. No partial credits will be awarded for an
approximate answer.
0.4
20
Numeric
5 points
Compute
. Give an exact response. No partial credits will be awarded for an
approximate answer.
0.2
21
Numeric
5 points
Compute
. Give an exact response. No partial credits will be awarded for an
approximate answer.
0.2
22
Numeric
5 points
Compute
. Answer up to four decimal places.
-0.6667
23
Multiple Choice
5 points
De±ne the joint probability mass function of
by:
f(0, 10) = f(0, 20) = 3 / 18, f(1, 10) = f(1, 30) = 1 / 18,
f(1, 20) = 6 / 18, f(2, 30) = 4 / 18
Find
.
Hint: Construct a joint probability mass function table, and see if you can directly enumerate
from there by using its de±nition.
160/9
180/9
200/9
220/9
240/9
24
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Multiple Choice
5 points
Find
.
360/18
365/18
370/18
375/18
380/18
25
Multiple Choice
5 points
Find
.
4/9
5/9
6/9
7/9
8/9
26
Multiple Choice
5 points
Find
. Answer up to two decimal places only.
0
2.75
-2.75
3.95
-3.95
27
Multiple Answer
5 points
Select the correct statements from the following. Select all that apply.
Assume all the relevant terms are well-de±ned.
and
would be independent if
.
and
would be independent if
for all
, and for any given
.
and
would be independent if
, for any given
.
and
would be independent if
, for
all
.
and
would be independent if
.
28
Numeric
5 points
In a certain statistical model, suppose
is a standard normal random deviate, and consider
another random variable
de±ned as
.
Find the correlation coef±cient between
and
. Give an exact response. No partial credits
would be awarded for an approximate answer.
Hint: Page 20 of Independence of Random Variables Lecture Slides - Chapter 4
0
29
Multiple Choice
5 points
Which of the following statements would be true? Select all that apply (more than one
options may be correct).
and
are independent, because
.
and
are not independent, because
.
and
are independent, because
, for all
.
and
are independent, because
for all
.
and
are not independent, because
.
30
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Numeric
5 points
Suppose in a simple linear regression problem of
on
, the values of the estimated slope
and the coef±cient of determination
are found to be
and
, respectively.
Find
, the sample correlation coef±cient between
and
. Give an exact response up
to the one decimal place only.
Hint: Pages 11 & 15 of Simple Linear Regression Lecture Slides - Chapter 4
-0.9
31
Numeric
5 points
Suppose in a simple linear regression analysis of
on
, it has been found that
. Obtain the sample correlation coef±cient
.
Give an exact response up to three decimal places. No partail credits would be awarded for
an approximate answer.
Hint: Page 11 of Simple Linear Regression Lecture Slides - Chapter 4
-0.866
32
Multiple Choice
5 points
Answer Q.33-Q.36 based on the following information:
Harley-Davidson motorcycles make up 16% of all the motorcycles registered in the United
States. You plan to interview an SRS of 500 motorcycle owners.
What is the approximate distribution of the proportion of the motorcycle owners in your
sample who own Harleys?
Bernoulli
Binomial
Uniform
Beta
Normal
33
Numeric
5 points
Compute the expected number of owners in your sample who own Harleys.
Give an exact response. No partial credit would be awarded for an approximate response.
80
34
Numeric
5 points
How likely is your sample to contain
17%
or more who own Harleys? Answer up to three
decimal places.
0.271
35
Numeric
5 points
How likely is your sample to contain at most
14%
who own Harleys? Answer up to ±ve
decimal places.
0.11126
36
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Multiple Choice
5 points
Answer Q.37-Q.38 based on the following information:
Let us consider a simple random sample of size n = 100 drawn from a population distribution
with a population mean of 3.48 and a population standard deviation of 2.35. Suppose the
corresponding data distribution has a mean of 3.373 and a standard deviation of 2.325.
Based on the above information, which of the following is true?
The shape of the sampling distribution of the sample mean
for samples of size 100 is
approximately normal with a mean of 3.373, and a standard deviation of 2.325/
√
100.
The shape of the sampling distribution of the sample mean
for samples of size 100 is
approximately normal with a mean of 3.373, and a standard deviation of 2.35/
√
100.
The shape of the sampling distribution of the sample mean
for samples of size 100 is
approximately normal with a mean of 3.48, and a standard deviation of 2.325/
√
100.
The shape of the sampling distribution of the sample mean
for samples of size 100 is
approximately normal with a mean of 3.48, and a standard deviation of 2.35/
√
100.
37
Numeric
5 points
Find the probability that the sample mean
based on a simple random sample of size n =
100 drawn from the above population distribution will lie between 3.13 and 3.69. Answer up
to four decimal places, if this probability calculation is feasible at all.
0.7460
38
Numeric
5 points
Brandon wants to ±nd a cheap computer, but he knows that computer prices are extremely
skewed, since most computers are very expensive. He knows that computer prices have a
mean of
$2,175
with a standard deviation of
$867
. Brandon ±nds the average price
of
100
random computers. What is the probability the average price will be more
than
$2,359
? Use 4 decimal places.
0.0169
39
Numeric
5 points
According to a market research ±rm,
53%
of all residential telephone numbers in Los Angeles
are unlisted. A telephone sales ±rm uses random digit dialing equipment that dials residential
numbers at random, whether or not they are listed in the telephone directory. The ±rm
calls
492
numbers in Los Angeles.
What is the (approximate) probability that at least half the numbers dialed are unlisted?
Answer up to ±ve decimal places.
0.90878
40
Multiple Answer
5 points
The systolic blood pressure of a random sample of
employees at Dewey, Lie, and Howie is
measured. Based on the observations in this sample, a
con±dence interval for the mean
systolic blood pressure of all employees is estimated to be
. Which of the
following statements gives a statistically correct, acceptable interpretation of this interval?
Select all that apply.
We are
con±dent that the interval
contains the population mean
systolic blood pressure
of all employees.
The probability that the population mean systolic blood pressure
lies in the inetrval
is
.
A future simple random sample consisting of 45 employees at Dewey, Lie, and Howie
(drawn under identical conditions) will result in a con±dence interval that will contain
the population mean systolic blood pressure
with a
chance.
If the sampling procedure were repeated
times under indetical conditions, and a
con±dence interval is estimated from the observations in each sample, about
of those estimated con±dence intervals would contain the population mean systolic
blood pressure
;
is one such interval.
If the sampling procedure were repeated
times under identical conditions, and
the sample mean systolic blood pressure from the observations in each sample were
calculated, then in about
cases, the calculated sample means would lie in the
interval
.
We are
con±dent that the systolic blood pressures in this sample have a sample
mean that is between
and
.
41
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Multiple Choice
5 points
Wheel thickness on a train is random because wear and tear causes the wheel to wear down.
The distribution of wheel thickness is known to have a standard deviation of
inches. The
average wheel thickness tells you how old the train is. A random sample of
wheels on the
Brazos Express Train found an average wheel thickness of
inches.
Find a
con±dence interval for the true average wheel thickness on the Brazos Express.
Cannot construct the desired
con±dence interval since the population
distribution is not known to be normal, and the sample size is not large enough.
42
Numeric
5 points
Answer Q.43-Q.48 based on the following information:
The pH of rain, measured at a weather station in Michigan, was observed for
consecutive
rain storms. The
sample
mean
is
and the
sample
variance
is
. Assume that the
population distribution is approximately normal.
Based on the above information, suppose we wish obtain a
con±dence interval for the
mean pH of the population of storms at that location. What would be the margin of error?
Report up to ±ve decimal places.
0.27331319083
43
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Multiple Choice
5 points
What critical constant did you use to evaluate the above margin of error?
44
Multiple Choice
5 points
Obtain a
con±dence interval for the mean pH of the population of storms at that
location.
Can't construct the
con±dence interval since the sample size is not suf±ciently
large.
45
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Multiple Answer
5 points
How can you interprete the estimated 99% con±dence interval obtained above? Select all
that apply.
We are 95% con±dent that the mean pH of the rains lies in the estimated con±dence
interval.
On an average, the pH of rains lies within the estimated con±dence interval with a 99%
probability.
If we collect 1000 repeated samples each containing rainfall data on 39 consecutive
rain storms, and estimate a 99% con±dence interval for the mean pH of rains based on
each of these samples, in about 990 cases the estimated con±dence intervals will
contain the unknown true mean pH of rains; the estimated con±dence interval is
probably one such interval.
If we collect 1000 repeated samples each containing rainfall data on 39 consecutive
rain storms, and estimate a 99% con±dence interval for the mean pH of rains based on
each of these samples, in about 10 cases, the estimated con±dence intervals will not
contain the unknown true mean pH of rains.
We are 99% con±dent that a con±dence interval based on a future random sample of
rains for 39 consecutive rain storms will contain the unknown true value of the mean
pH of rains.
The probability that the mean pH of rains lies in the estimated 99% con±dence interval
is either 0 or, 1.
46
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Multiple Choice
5 points
Suppose, the experimenter is interested in learning wehther the mean pH level is
signi±cantly less than 5.00, with level of signi±cance
. What should be the null and
alternative hypotheses?
47
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Multiple Choice
5 points
For the above hypothesis test, with
, what should be your ±nal conclusion? Select
the correct answer from the following.
The observed value of the test statistic is -2.9942, and the corresponding p-value is
0.00241. So, we reject the null hypothesis, and conclude that the mean ph level is not
less than 5.
The observed value of the test statistic is -2.9942, and the corresponding p-value is 1-
0.00241. So, we failed to reject the null hypothesis and conclude that, based on the
available data, the mean ph level is signi±cantly less than 5 at 1% level of signi±cance.
The observed value of the test statistic is -2.9942, and the corresponding p-value is
0.00482. So, we should reject the null hypothesis and conclude that, based on the
available data, the mean ph level is signi±cantly less than 5 at 1% level of signi±cance.
The observed value of the test statistic is -2.9942, and the corresponding p-value is
0.00241. So, we should reject the null hypothesis and conclude that, based on the
available data, the mean ph level is signi±cantly less than 5 at 1% level of signi±cance.
48
Numeric
5 points
A new method of pre-coating ±ttings used in oil, brake and other ²uid systems in heavy-duty
trucks is being studied. Compute the minimum sample size
that is is needed to estimate the
proportion of ±ttings that leak to within
with
con±dence? Give an exact response.
3,383
49
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Numeric
5 points
A study plans to investigate the average time a 17-year-old spends playing video games each
week. From studies of similar age groups, it is believed the standard deviation should be
about
hours. The study wants an
con±dence interval to have a margin of error of
(the nearest half-hour). Find the minimum number of 17-year-olds that they need to
sample.
Provide an exact response. No partial credits would be awarded if your response fail to
match the correct answers even by a small margin of error.
1,691
50
Numeric
5 points
Answer Q.51-Q.54 based on the following information:
A hospital is trying to cut down on emergency room wait times. It is interested in learning
about the mean time patients must wait before being called
back to be examined. An investigation committee randomly surveyed
patients, and found
that an estimated
con±dence interval for the mean waiting time of patients to be
hours.
Find an appropriate estimate of the population mean waiting time of patients.
Give an exact response. No partial credit will be awarded for an approximate answer.
1.34
51
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Numeric
5 points
What would be the margine of error (MoE) for the above
con±dence interval?
Give an exact response. No partial credit will be awarded for an approximate answer.
0.22
52
Numeric
5 points
Evaluate the standard error of the above estimator of the population mean waiting time of
patients based on the given sample. Report up to ±ve decimal places.
0.10837
53
Numeric
0 points
Only For Interested Students
Based on the above information, can you ±nd an estimate of the population standard
deviation (up to four decimal places)?
0.6502
54
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Multiple Choice
5 points
Consider a normal population distribution with an unknown mean
and a known standard
deviation
. Suppose two independent random samples of sizes
and
drawn from the
said population distribution are used to construct two
and
con±dence intervals,
respectively, for the unknown population mean
such that the intervals are of equal width.
What can we said about
and
?
Nothing can be said from the given information.
55
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Multiple Choice
5 points
Which of the following statements for testing a point null hypothesis
versus a
two-sided alternative
at a given level of signi±cance
is NOT correct?
Assume that we can use a one-sample level
t-test in this context.
The p-value is the probability that the test statistic
is as extreme as its present
realization (that is,
) when
is the true value of
.
A p-value of 0.01 means if we perform the given hypothesis testing problem based on
1000 repeated samples of the same size under identical conditions, in about 10 cases,
the observed value of the test statistic would be as extreme as its present realization
(that is,
) when
is the true value of
.
If we conduct the given hypothesis testing problem based on 1000 repeated samples of
the same size under identical conditions, in about 50 cases, the test will erroneously
reject the null hypothesis assuming
is the true value of
.
A p-value is the likelihood of observing a new sample of the same size as the present
one
is the true value of
.
A p-value is the likelihood of the null hypothesis being true.
56
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Multiple Choice
5 points
After being rejected for employment, Kim Kelly learns that the Bellevue Credit Company has
hired only eleven women among the last 30 new employees. She also learns that the pool of
applicants is very large, with an approximately equal number of quali±ed men as quali±ed
women. Suppose,
she conducted a hypothesis test to verify her claim at a level of signi±cance
α
= 0.05 and
found the p − value to be 0.07206.
What would be the type I and type II errors in this context?
T1: Kim concludes that gender discrimination is there against women during hiring
while in reality there is no discrimination against women.
T2: Kim concludes that there’s no gender discrimination against women during hiring
when in reality there is discrimination against women.
T1: Kim concludes that there’s no gender discrimination against women during hiring
when in reality there is discrimination against women.
T2: Kim concludes that gender discrimination is there against women during hiring
while in reality there is no discrimination against women.
T1: Kim concludes that there’s no gender discrimination against women during hiring,
and in reality, there is no discrimination against women.
T2: Kim concludes that gender discrimination is there against women during hiring,
and in reality, there is discrimination
against women.
T1: Kim concludes that there’s gender discrimination against women during hiring, and
in reality, there is discrimination against women.
T2: Kim concludes that no gender discrimination is there against women during hiring,
and in reality, there is no discrimination against
women.
57
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Multiple Answer
5 points
A researcher claims that the average body mass index (BMI) of adult Canadians is more than
25.0. She takes an SRS of 250 Canadians, and ±nds that the average BMI in the sample is
26.3, and the corresponding sample standard deviation is 7.1. Assume that the level of
signi±cance
.
Based on the one-sample level-
t-test, which of the following statements is/are
NOT
correct? Select all that apply.
If we perform the given hypothesis testing problem based on 1000 repeated simple
random samples each consisting of 250 Canadians, the likelihood that the test statistic
would be 2.895 or more would be about 2 in 1000, provided the true value of
is
25.
If we perform the given hypothesis testing problem based on 1000 repeated simple
random samples each consisting of 250 Canadians, the likelihood that the test statistic
would be 2.895 or less would be about 2 in 1000, provided the true value of
is 25.
If we conduct the given hypothesis testing problem based on 1000 repeated simple
random samples each consisting of 250 Canadians, then in about 10 cases, the test will
erroneously reject the null hypothesis when the true value of
is 25.
The likehilood of observing another simple random sample as the present one would
be about 2 in 1000.
The likelihood that the null hypothesis would be true is about 2 in 1000.
58
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Multiple Choice
5 points
Answer Q.59-Q.60 based on the following information:
In testing
vs.
, a sample of size
yielded a p-value of 0.014.
Assume
, and the true value of
. Then the decision based on the given data:
would be a Type I error.
would be a Type II error.
would be a correct decision.
couldn't be determined.
59
Multiple Choice
5 points
For the above hypothesis test, what would be the type I error rate of the one-sample level
t-test?
0
0.01
0.014
0.05
Can't be determined from the given information.
60
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Multiple Choice
5 points
Answer Q.61-Q.62 based on the following information:
In testing
vs.
, a sample of size
yielded a p-value of
0.02167. Assume
, and the true value of
. Then the decision based on the
given data:
would be a Type I error.
would be a Type II error.
would be a correct decision.
couldn't be determined.
61
Multiple Choice
5 points
For the above hypothesis test, what would be the size of the one-sample level
z-
test?
0
0.01
0.02167
0.05
Can't be determined from the given information.
62
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Multiple Choice
5 points
Answer Q.63-Q.68 based on the following information:
A sanitation supervisor is interested in testing to see if the mean amount
of garbage per bin
is signi±cantly different from 50 pounds. In a random sample of 36 bins, the sample mean
amount was 49.2 pounds and the sample standard deviation was 4.9 pounds. Conduct the
appropriate hypothesis test using a 0.05 level of signi±cance.
What should be the null and alternative hypotheses?
63
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Multiple Answer
5 points
To conduct the above hypothesis test, we need to ±rst verify whether the underlying
conditions are satis±ed. Choose the correct option(s) from the following. Select all that
apply.
We can conduct a level
test since the underlying population distribution
is normal with an unknown population standard deviation, and the sample size is large
enough.
We can conduct a level
test since although the underlying population
distribution need not be normal with an unknown population standard deviation, the
sample size is large enough.
We can conduct a level
test since the underlying population distribution
is normal with an unknown population standard deviation, and the sample size is large
enough.
We can conduct a level
test since although the underlying population
distribution need not be normal with an unknown population standard deviation, the
sample size is large enough.
We can conduct a level
test since the underlying population distribution
is normal with a known population standard deviation, and the sample size is large
enough.
64
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Multiple Choice
5 points
What would be an appropriate choice of test statistic to conduct the above hypothesis test?
What would be its distribution under the null hypothesized value?
Z-statistic:
, with
.
Student's t-statistic:
, with
.
Student's t-statistic:
, with
.
Z-statistic:
, with
.
Student's t-statistic:
, with
.
65
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Multiple Choice
5 points
What would be a level
critical region for the above hypothesis testing problem?
66
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Multiple Choice
5 points
Based on the above critical region, what should be the supervisor's ±nal conclusion at
level of signi±cance?
Since the absolute value of the observed value of the test statistic is larger than
, the supervisor rejects the null hypothesis and concludes that the mean
amount of garbage per bin is signi±cantly different from
pounds at
level of
signi±cance.
Since the absolute value of the observed value of the test statistic is larger than
, the supervisor rejects the null hypothesis and concludes that the mean
amount of garbage per bin is signi±cantly different from
pounds at
level of
signi±cance.
Since the absolute value of the observed value of the test statistic is no larger than
, the supervisor fails to reject the null hypothesis and concludes that the mean
amount of garbage per bin is signi±cantly different from
pounds at
level of
signi±cance.
Since the observed value of the test statistic is no larger than
, the supervisor
fails to reject the null hypothesis and concludes that the mean amount of garbage per
bin is not signi±cantly different from
pounds at
level of signi±cance.
Since the absolute value of the observed value of the test statistic is no larger than
, the supervisor fails to reject the null hypothesis and concludes that the mean
amount of garbage per bin is not signi±cantly different from
pounds at
level of
signi±cance.
67
Numeric
5 points
Evaluate the p-value for the above hypothesis test? Answer up to ±ve decimal places.
0.33402
68
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Multiple Choice
5 points
Answer Q.69-Q.71 based on the following information:
A polling organization conducts an exit poll and somehow it appears that Candidate A is likely
to receive less than one fourth of the votes. The polling organization interviews 175 people
to check their voting preferences, and 40 of them speak in favor of Candidate A. Formulate
the appropriate hypotheses to test, and carry out the test at level of signi±cance
.
What should be the null and alternative hypotheses?
69
Numeric
5 points
Find the observed value of the test statistic for the above hypothesis test. Answer up to four
decimal places.
-0.6547
70
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Numeric
5 points
Evaluate the p-value for the above hypothesis test. Answer up to four decimal places.
0.2563
71
Numeric
5 points
Answer Q.72-Q.75 based on the following information:
A research report claims that 25% of all individuals use Firefox to browse the web. A
software company is trying to determine if the proportion of their users who use Firefox is
signi±cantly different from 0.25. In a sample of 250 of their users, 56 users stated that they
used Firefox.
Using this data, compute the standard error of an appropriate estimator to estimate the
unknown population parameter of interest. Answer up to ±ve decimal places.
0.02637
72
Numeric
5 points
If we wish to estimate a 95% con±dence interval for the unknwon parameter of interest
based on the above data, what should be the corresponding margin of error? Answer up to
±ve decimal places.
0.05168
73
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Multiple Choice
5 points
Estimate a 95% con±dence interval for the unknwon population parameter based on the
given information.
74
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Multiple Choice
5 points
Based on the estimated 95% con±dence interval above, what should be the conclusion of the
software company at 5% level of signi±cance?
Since the estimated 95% con±dence interval does not contain the null hypothesized
value of the parameter of interest, the software company rejects the null hypothesis at
5% level of signi±cance and concludes that the 25% of their users use the Firefox web
browser.
Since the estimated 95% con±dence interval does not contain the null hypothesized
value of the parameter of interest, the software company fails to reject reject the null
hypothesis at 5% level of signi±cance and concludes that 25% of their users do not use
the Firefox web browser.
Since the estimated 95% con±dence interval contains the null hypothesized value of
the parameter of interest, the software company rejects the null hypothesis at 5% level
of signi±cance, and concludes that 25% of their users do not use the Firefox web
browser.
Since the estimated 95% con±dence interval contains the null hypothesized value of
the parameter of interest, the software company fails to reject the null hypothesis at
5% level of signi±cance, and concludes that 25% of their users use the Firefox web
browser.
Since the estimated 95% con±dence interval contains the null hypothesized value of
the parameter of interest, the software company fails to reject the null hypothesis at
5% level of signi±cance, and concludes that 25% of their users do not use the Firefox
web browser.
75
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Related Questions
The flow rate in a device used for air quality measurement depends on the pressure drop x (inches of water) across the device's filter. Suppose that for x values between 5 and 20, these two variables are related according to the simple linear regression model with true regression line y = -0.11 + 0.097x.
(a.1) What is the true average flow rate for a pressure drop of 10 in.?(a.2) A drop of 15 in.?(b) What is the true average change in flow rate associated with a 1 inch increase in pressure drop?(c) What is the average change in flow rate when pressure drop decreases by 5 in.?
arrow_forward
A particular article used a multiple regression model with the following four independent variables.
y = error percentage for subjects reading a four-digit liquid crystal displayx1 = level of backlight (from 0 to 122 cd/m)x2 = character subtense (from .025 to 1.34)x3 = viewing angle (from 0 to 60)x4 = level of ambient light (from 20 to 1500 lx)
The model equation suggested in the article is given below.
(a) Assume that this is the correct equation. What is the mean value of y when x1 = 30, x2 = 0.6, x3 = 50 and x4 = 150?(b) What mean error percentage is associated with a backlight level of 40, character subtense of 0.6, viewing angle of 20, and ambient light level of 30?
arrow_forward
A researcher records age in years (x) and systolic blood pressure (y) for volunteers. They perform a
regression analysis was performed, and a portion of the computer output is as follows:
ŷ = 3.3 +12.7x
Coefficients
(Intercept)
X
Estimate Std. Error Test statistic
O Ho: B₁: = 0
Ha: B₁ 0
O Ho: B₁ = 0
Ha: B₁ 0
12.7
2.2
6.4
1.5
1.98
P-value
Specify the null and the alternative hypotheses that you would use in order to test whether a positive
linear relationship exists between x and y.
0.08
0.03
arrow_forward
(V)
arrow_forward
Designers of backpacks use exotic material to make packs that fit comfortably and distribute
weight to eliminate pressure points. For fitting a regression model of price of backpack on the
capacity (cubic inches) and comfort rating of backpacks, a data for 10 backpacks are used.
Comfort was measured using a rating from 1 to 5, with a rating of 1 denoting average comfort
and a rating of 5 denoting excellent comfort. The output of the regression model is as follows
on the next page:
Residuals:
10 Median
|-84.12 -27.18 10.61 36.90 48.26
Min
30
Маx
Coefficients:
Estimate Std. Error t value Pr (>|t|)
(Intercept) 356.12083 197.17401
1.806 0.113859
xl
-0.09874
0.04588 -2.152 0.068372 .
x2
122.86721
21.79975
5.636 0.000786 ***
Signif. codes: 0 **** o.001 *** 0.01 ** 0.05 '.' 0.1 '' 1
Residual standard error: 51.14 on 7 degrees of freedom
Multiple R-squared: 0.8318,
F-statistic: 17.31 on 2 and 7 DF, p-value: 0.00195
Adjusted R-squared: 0.7838
a. Determine the estimated regression equation that…
arrow_forward
A group of Maternal and Child Health public health practitioners are interested in the relationship between depression and a number of health outcomes. Suppose the research team gathers information on a group of participants, and constructs a multiple linear regression model looking at the relationship between depression and household income dichotomized as above and below the federal poverty line controlling for a number of potential confounders. The following is a computerized output displaying the results of their analysis.
Parameter
Estimate
Standard Error
t Value
Pr > |t|
Intercept
0.2617346843
0.09209917
2.84
0.0046
Income (1/0)
-.1962038300
0.04574793
-4.29
<.0001
Race (W or AA)
-.0320329506
0.03900447
-0.82
0.4118
bmicontinuous
0.0051185980
0.00216986
2.36
0.0186
Alcohol (Y/N)
-.0088735044
0.03090631
-0.29
0.7741
A) What are the independent and dependent variables?
B) Which potential…
arrow_forward
The age and height (in cm) of 400 adult women from Bolivia were
measured. A researcher wants to know if age has any effect on height.
A linear regression is carried out in Minitab and the following output
obtained.
Coefficients
Term
Constant
Age
(a) Write down the regression model.
(b) Interpret the regression coefficient for the fitted model.
(c) Use the output from Minitab to explain if the age of a participant
affects their height.
Percent
(d) The normal probability plot of the residuals from this regression
model is given below. Do the assumptions of the regression model
seem reasonable? Justify your answer.
99.9
8
28 22299229
88
Coef SE Coef
152.94
7.69
0.022
0.231
01
-100
T-Value P-Value VIF
19.90
0.000
0.10
0.924 1.00
-50
Normal Probability Plot
(response is Height)
0
Residual
50
*****
100
150
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A group of Maternal and Child Health public health practitioners are interested in the relationship between bacterial vaginosis (BV) and a number of negative health outcomes. Suppose the research team gathers information on a group of participants, and constructs a multiple linear regression model looking at the relationship between BV and depression, controlling for maternal age. The following is a computerized output displaying the results of their analysis.Parameter Intercept Maternal Age DepressionEstimate StandardError tValue Pr>|t|0.2186206635 -.0046496845 0.19124124150.06635040 0.00221338 0.031518843.29 0.0010 -2.10 0.0360 6.07 <.0001
A) What are the dependent and independent variables in this investigation?B) Based on the information above, was the research team justified in controlling for maternal age in this population? Why or why not?C) Write out the model in symbols. Round to 3 decimal places.D) Is there a significant association between BV and depression?
arrow_forward
The data shown below are the initial weights and gains in weight (in grams) of female rats on a high protein diet from 24 to 84 days of age. The point of interest in these data is whether the gain in weight is related to (dependent on) the initial weight. If so, then feeding experiments on female rats can be made more precise by adjusting for differences in initial weights of the rats. Statistically test this with a regression analysis.
Rat Number
Initial Weight (gms)
Weight Gain (gms)
1
50
128
2
64
159
3
76
158
4
64
119
5
74
133
6
60
112
7
69
96
8
68
126
9
56
132
10
48
118
11
57
107
12
59
106
13
46
82
14
45
103
15
65
104
I used excel's regression took pak and got the following:
SUMMARY OUTPUT
Regression Statistics
Multiple R
0.489416452
R Square
0.239528464
Adjusted R Square
0.181030653
Standard Error
8.869929833
Observations
15…
arrow_forward
The following data give the percentage of women working in five companies in the retail and trade industry. The percentage of management jobs held by women in each company is also shown.
%Management
60
50
a. From the following select the appropriate scatter diagram for these data with the percentage of women working in the company as the independent variable.
Scatter diagram a
40
-30
20
10
20
Scatter diagram b
%Management
-60
50
-40
30
20
10
20
Scatter diagram c
-60
%Management
50
10
-40
30
20
10
10
30
10
20
30
40 5,0
Scatter diagram c
40 50
60 %Working
6,0% Working
3,0 4,0 50 60%Working
% Working
%
Management
68 46 74 54 61
50 22 65 48 34
arrow_forward
Which of the variables is the indepenent variable and dependent variable for the following question.
fit a simple linear regression model to predict latitudes using average monthly range
lat= latitudes
range= the average monthly range between mean montly maximum and minimum temperatures for a selected set of US cities.
arrow_forward
A sales manager has collected the following data on annual sales (y) and years of experience (x)
.
Sales person Years of Experience (x) Annual Sales (K’000) (y)
1 80
3 97
4 92
4 102
6 103 6 8 111
10 119
10 123
11 117
13 136
Draw a scatter diagram. Does a linear relationship between x and y seem appropriate
Estimate the simple linear regression line. Interpret the parameters in the model (c) What practical use could be made of this equation?
Use the estimated regression equation to predict annual sales for a sales man with 9 years
of experience
At the 5% level of significance would…
arrow_forward
We have data on Lung Capacity of persons and we wish
to build a multiple linear regression model that predicts
Lung Capacity based on the predictors Age and
Smoking Status. Age is a numeric variable whereas
Smoke is a categorical variable (0 if non-smoker, 1 if
smoker). Here is the partial result from STATISTICA.
b*
Std.Err.
of b*
Std.Err.
N=725
of b
Intercept
Age
Smoke
0.835543
-0.075120
1.085725
0.555396
0.182989
0.014378
0.021631
0.021631
-0.648588
0.186761
Which of the following statements is absolutely false?
A. The expected lung capacity of a smoker is expected
to be 0.648588 lower than that of a non-smoker.
B. The predictor variables Age and Smoker both
contribute significantly to the model.
C. For every one year that a person gets older, the lung
capacity is expected to increase by 0.555396 units,
holding smoker status constant.
D. For every one unit increase in smoker status, lung
capacity is expected to decrease by 0.648588 units,
holding age constant.
arrow_forward
Suppose a study wants to predict the market price of a certain species of turtle (Y) based on the following independent variables indicated in the table. Based from the table, what is the equation of the multiple linear regression? (Round off up to two decimal places.
Market Price = 0.07 - 0.40*weight + 1.51*length + 1.41*width + 0.80*age
Market Price = - 0.40*weight + 1.51*length + 1.41*width + 0.80*age
Market Price = 0.07 + 0.40*weight + 1.51*length + 1.41*width + 0.80*age
Market Price = 0.07 - 0.40 + weight + 1.51 + length + 1.41 + width + 0.80 + age
arrow_forward
Retail price data for n = 60 hard disk drives were recently reported in a computer magazine. Three variables were recorded for each hard disk drive:
y = Retail PRICE (measured in dollars)
X1 = Microprocessor SPEED (measured in megahertz)
(Values in sample range from 10 to 40)
x 2 = CHIP size (measured in computer processing units)
(Values in sample range from 286 to 486)
A first-order regression model. was fit to the data. Part of the printout follows:
Parameter Estimates
T FOR 0
ERROR PARAMETER = 0 PROB>ITI
PARAMETER STANDARD
VARIABLE DF
ESTIMATE
INTERCEPT 1
-373.526392
1258.1243396 -0.297
0.7676
SPEED
1
104.838940
22.36298195 4 688
0.0001
сHP
1
3.571850
3.89422935
0.917
0.3629
Identify and interpret the estimate of B2-
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Related Questions
- The flow rate in a device used for air quality measurement depends on the pressure drop x (inches of water) across the device's filter. Suppose that for x values between 5 and 20, these two variables are related according to the simple linear regression model with true regression line y = -0.11 + 0.097x. (a.1) What is the true average flow rate for a pressure drop of 10 in.?(a.2) A drop of 15 in.?(b) What is the true average change in flow rate associated with a 1 inch increase in pressure drop?(c) What is the average change in flow rate when pressure drop decreases by 5 in.?arrow_forwardA particular article used a multiple regression model with the following four independent variables. y = error percentage for subjects reading a four-digit liquid crystal displayx1 = level of backlight (from 0 to 122 cd/m)x2 = character subtense (from .025 to 1.34)x3 = viewing angle (from 0 to 60)x4 = level of ambient light (from 20 to 1500 lx) The model equation suggested in the article is given below. (a) Assume that this is the correct equation. What is the mean value of y when x1 = 30, x2 = 0.6, x3 = 50 and x4 = 150?(b) What mean error percentage is associated with a backlight level of 40, character subtense of 0.6, viewing angle of 20, and ambient light level of 30?arrow_forwardA researcher records age in years (x) and systolic blood pressure (y) for volunteers. They perform a regression analysis was performed, and a portion of the computer output is as follows: ŷ = 3.3 +12.7x Coefficients (Intercept) X Estimate Std. Error Test statistic O Ho: B₁: = 0 Ha: B₁ 0 O Ho: B₁ = 0 Ha: B₁ 0 12.7 2.2 6.4 1.5 1.98 P-value Specify the null and the alternative hypotheses that you would use in order to test whether a positive linear relationship exists between x and y. 0.08 0.03arrow_forward
- (V)arrow_forwardDesigners of backpacks use exotic material to make packs that fit comfortably and distribute weight to eliminate pressure points. For fitting a regression model of price of backpack on the capacity (cubic inches) and comfort rating of backpacks, a data for 10 backpacks are used. Comfort was measured using a rating from 1 to 5, with a rating of 1 denoting average comfort and a rating of 5 denoting excellent comfort. The output of the regression model is as follows on the next page: Residuals: 10 Median |-84.12 -27.18 10.61 36.90 48.26 Min 30 Маx Coefficients: Estimate Std. Error t value Pr (>|t|) (Intercept) 356.12083 197.17401 1.806 0.113859 xl -0.09874 0.04588 -2.152 0.068372 . x2 122.86721 21.79975 5.636 0.000786 *** Signif. codes: 0 **** o.001 *** 0.01 ** 0.05 '.' 0.1 '' 1 Residual standard error: 51.14 on 7 degrees of freedom Multiple R-squared: 0.8318, F-statistic: 17.31 on 2 and 7 DF, p-value: 0.00195 Adjusted R-squared: 0.7838 a. Determine the estimated regression equation that…arrow_forwardA group of Maternal and Child Health public health practitioners are interested in the relationship between depression and a number of health outcomes. Suppose the research team gathers information on a group of participants, and constructs a multiple linear regression model looking at the relationship between depression and household income dichotomized as above and below the federal poverty line controlling for a number of potential confounders. The following is a computerized output displaying the results of their analysis. Parameter Estimate Standard Error t Value Pr > |t| Intercept 0.2617346843 0.09209917 2.84 0.0046 Income (1/0) -.1962038300 0.04574793 -4.29 <.0001 Race (W or AA) -.0320329506 0.03900447 -0.82 0.4118 bmicontinuous 0.0051185980 0.00216986 2.36 0.0186 Alcohol (Y/N) -.0088735044 0.03090631 -0.29 0.7741 A) What are the independent and dependent variables? B) Which potential…arrow_forward
- The age and height (in cm) of 400 adult women from Bolivia were measured. A researcher wants to know if age has any effect on height. A linear regression is carried out in Minitab and the following output obtained. Coefficients Term Constant Age (a) Write down the regression model. (b) Interpret the regression coefficient for the fitted model. (c) Use the output from Minitab to explain if the age of a participant affects their height. Percent (d) The normal probability plot of the residuals from this regression model is given below. Do the assumptions of the regression model seem reasonable? Justify your answer. 99.9 8 28 22299229 88 Coef SE Coef 152.94 7.69 0.022 0.231 01 -100 T-Value P-Value VIF 19.90 0.000 0.10 0.924 1.00 -50 Normal Probability Plot (response is Height) 0 Residual 50 ***** 100 150arrow_forwardA group of Maternal and Child Health public health practitioners are interested in the relationship between bacterial vaginosis (BV) and a number of negative health outcomes. Suppose the research team gathers information on a group of participants, and constructs a multiple linear regression model looking at the relationship between BV and depression, controlling for maternal age. The following is a computerized output displaying the results of their analysis.Parameter Intercept Maternal Age DepressionEstimate StandardError tValue Pr>|t|0.2186206635 -.0046496845 0.19124124150.06635040 0.00221338 0.031518843.29 0.0010 -2.10 0.0360 6.07 <.0001 A) What are the dependent and independent variables in this investigation?B) Based on the information above, was the research team justified in controlling for maternal age in this population? Why or why not?C) Write out the model in symbols. Round to 3 decimal places.D) Is there a significant association between BV and depression?arrow_forwardThe data shown below are the initial weights and gains in weight (in grams) of female rats on a high protein diet from 24 to 84 days of age. The point of interest in these data is whether the gain in weight is related to (dependent on) the initial weight. If so, then feeding experiments on female rats can be made more precise by adjusting for differences in initial weights of the rats. Statistically test this with a regression analysis. Rat Number Initial Weight (gms) Weight Gain (gms) 1 50 128 2 64 159 3 76 158 4 64 119 5 74 133 6 60 112 7 69 96 8 68 126 9 56 132 10 48 118 11 57 107 12 59 106 13 46 82 14 45 103 15 65 104 I used excel's regression took pak and got the following: SUMMARY OUTPUT Regression Statistics Multiple R 0.489416452 R Square 0.239528464 Adjusted R Square 0.181030653 Standard Error 8.869929833 Observations 15…arrow_forward
- The following data give the percentage of women working in five companies in the retail and trade industry. The percentage of management jobs held by women in each company is also shown. %Management 60 50 a. From the following select the appropriate scatter diagram for these data with the percentage of women working in the company as the independent variable. Scatter diagram a 40 -30 20 10 20 Scatter diagram b %Management -60 50 -40 30 20 10 20 Scatter diagram c -60 %Management 50 10 -40 30 20 10 10 30 10 20 30 40 5,0 Scatter diagram c 40 50 60 %Working 6,0% Working 3,0 4,0 50 60%Working % Working % Management 68 46 74 54 61 50 22 65 48 34arrow_forwardWhich of the variables is the indepenent variable and dependent variable for the following question. fit a simple linear regression model to predict latitudes using average monthly range lat= latitudes range= the average monthly range between mean montly maximum and minimum temperatures for a selected set of US cities.arrow_forwardA sales manager has collected the following data on annual sales (y) and years of experience (x) . Sales person Years of Experience (x) Annual Sales (K’000) (y) 1 80 3 97 4 92 4 102 6 103 6 8 111 10 119 10 123 11 117 13 136 Draw a scatter diagram. Does a linear relationship between x and y seem appropriate Estimate the simple linear regression line. Interpret the parameters in the model (c) What practical use could be made of this equation? Use the estimated regression equation to predict annual sales for a sales man with 9 years of experience At the 5% level of significance would…arrow_forward
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