Annotated Bibliography LBST 2301

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Astles1 Noelle Astles Professor Morin LBST 2301- 110 19 October 2022 Bibliography: Red in Us representing income inequality “How does Red in the film 'Us ' reflect the impact of income inequality?” Zhang, Liwei, et al. “Income Inequality and Child Maltreatment Rates in US Counties, 2009– 2018.” Child Abuse & Neglect , vol. 130, Aug. 2022, p. N.PAG. EBSCOhost , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105328 . In the article “Income Inequality and Child Maltreatment Rates in US Counties, 2009- 2018,” Liwei Zhang, Cassandra Simmel, and Lenna Nepomnyaschy explore the effects of poverty and income inequality on children and their development. They found that children living in poverty struggled with higher stress levels, self-esteem issues, violence, and hyper- vigialance. These psychological issues could stem from the environment that children were growing up in. In lower income counties they found that there was limited childcare and social support. These factors mean that it is more difficult for parents to provide sufficient childcare, leading to increased rates of abuse and neglect. Along with psychological problems, there are also increased rates of health issues, and basic needs are oftentimes unable to be met. Overall, the study demonstrated how inequality leads to higher rates of maltreatment and abuse of children. This article demonstrates how children growing up in impoverished areas are put at a disadvantage and oftentimes grow up in tumultuous environments. These environments can lead to both physical and mental challenges which make it difficult to escape poverty. In my inquiry I

Astles2 said that Red represents income inequality. Adelaide is able to thrive and is given many opportunities where she lives, while Red is left with nothing but scraps, and zero opportunity to escape her given circumstances, she is merely a shadow of Adelaide. This relates back to the article, certain children are burdened by their upbringing and can begin to develop characteristics of learned helplessness, which wouldn’t have been present if they had been given equal opportunities. This learned helplessness prevents children from excelling and reaching their full potential. Zhang focuses on the study of economic resources and child well-being. She is a research assistant professor at Washington University in St. Louis and collaborates in the Center for Innovation in Child Maltreatment Policy, Research and Training. Dr. Simmel is an Associate Professor at the School of Social Work at Rutgers University and focuses on child welfare policies, programs, and services. Dr. Nepomnyaschy is also an associate professor at the School of Social Work at Rutgers University and is currently working on research funded by the William T. Grant Foundation on how father involvement affects children in lower and higher income families. S teensma, David P. “The Origin and Evolution of the Term ‘Clone.’” Leukemia Research , vol. 57, June 2017, pp. 97–101. EBSCOhost , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leukres.2017.03.004 . The article “The Origin and Evolution of the Term ‘Clone’” primarily focuses on the history of the term clone and the first experiments done revolving around cloning. The term “clone” was first introduced in an agricultural sense and was used to describe asexual propagation of plants. Cloning first became a staple in the science fiction world when Aldour Huxley wrote Brave New World in 1932, which introduced the idea of human cloning in an assembly line fashion. It was not until 1962 that scientist J.B.S. Haldane would use the term

Astles3 clone to describe the likelihood of cloning humans. His idea was to create an identical copy of successful people. It would not be until 1996 that the first mammal would be cloned, Dolly the sheep. Even with all the advances in science and possible benefits of cloning depending on the circumstances, the idea still stirs fear and ethical concerns for many people. This article relates back to my inquiry question since I am covering the film Us. Red is a cloning experiment gone wrong, all of the tethered clones are left in the subways to rot once the experiment is abandoned. Knowing the history of scientific cloning is important because it shows how real life concerns regarding cloning and technological advancements are transferred to science fiction. The article also supports how the idea of cloning has changed over time. Cloning is a relatively new idea, which is probably why it is such a cause for concern for modern day people. There is a common concern revolving around the idea of humans “playing god.” The film Us demonstrates this abuse of power. The clones are merely pawns for the people living above ground. This relates back to my inquiry question regarding income inequality and unequal opportunities. David P. Steensma, the author of this article, is a credible writer when it comes to the medical field. He is an associate professor in medicine at the Harvard Medical School, and primarily researches clinical activity. He is also the Global Hematology Head at Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research. The article itself is published by the Journal leukemia research, which is an official journal of Myelodysplastic Syndromes Foundation. Asebedo, Sarah D., et al. “Individual Differences in Personality and Positive Emotion for Wealth Creation.” Personality & Individual Differences , vol. 199, Dec. 2022, p. N.PAG. EBSCOhost , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2022.111854 .

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