LeeGabrielle PA2 IRLS21001
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Political Science
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Dec 6, 2023
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1
Progress Assignment
Gabrielle Lee
International Relations I
Dr. Barry Mowell
2
1.
Explain what Zewei’s article from the week 4 reading was all about.
The author elaborates about China diversity in culture and history, which places did not allow it
to have equality at the state level. Moreover, Zewei explains how Confucianism integrated with
the international law after the fall of the Celestial Empire and Tribunal way of resolving matters
of the nation. Hence, an analysis to understand more about how China adopted the international
regulation in its system of government is important. The researcher asserts that before the Opium
War, China did not practice national equality. Because of this battle, China is determined to
accept and participate in other citizens. Hence, international norms have become important in
forcing the country to accept Western powers. However, it conflicts with Confucianism adopted
by the government. The author separates what happened in four parts, which carry different but
relevant information about China (Zewei). First, the Confucian Chinese enterprise that formed
the government is the age of the court system and the heavenly empire. They were important to
provide judgment and ruling before they were compromised by the Western power. Secondly, the
conflicts that due to the interaction between the Chinese culture with the current international
regulations that incorporate the treaty regime, relations, and foreign trade. Finally, how did the
collision between Western powers and Chinese traditions help these countries achieve
modernization?
2.
What are the main ideas in Steinberg’s article?
Steinberg’s article provides insight into the NGOs soft powers and the politics that drives
them. Moreover, the author elaborates more on the human right groups, and the role they play in
a certain area such as the Arab-Israel skirmishes. Steinberg explains about the “halo effect”
where people hide in the NGO to advance another bad agenda because they are not accountable.
They criticize democracies while protecting capitalism and imperialism in Western countries.
3
However, the NGOs help in the resolution of the Arab-Israeli conflict. They proposed to impose
sanctions on Israel to protect the Palestinians.
3.
Based on the Cragg, Arnold, and Muchlinski article from week 6, when and why
did “business and human rights” become an international topic? What explains the
delay?
The author laughs at the impact of globalization on the birth of human rights and business.
Internationally, originations operate depending on the growth and the capital they possess.
International human rights organizations control governments and groups, but companies are
growing. This response means that UN human rights activists have been holding companies
accountable. Because of such motives, there exists clarity and objectivity between the businesses
and nation as to respect and protection of human rights (Cragg). The delay in establishing this
subject is caused by different regulations adopted by countries. The organization is huge, and
accountability has become an issue due to changes in the operating environment. What's more,
the human right groups took the time to set up how to cope with the rising interaction and growth
in business. Hence, it was challenging to know exactly, which issues to address in the adoption
of human rights.
Bibliography
Cragg, Wesley, Denis Arnold, and Peter Muchlinski. “Human Rights and Business.”
Business Ethics Quarterly
22 (1) (January): 1–7. 2012
Steinberg, Gerald. “The Politics of NGOs, Human Rights, and the Arab-Israel Conflict
.” Israel
Studies
16 (2): 24–54. 2011
Zewei, Yang. “Western International Law and China’s Confucianism in the 19th Century.
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4
Collision and Integration
.” Journal of the History of International Law
13: 285–306. 2011