PHY 101L Module Two Lab Report

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PHY 101L Module Two Lab Report Name: Dmitrius Washburn Date: 1/18/2024 Complete this lab report by replacing the bracketed text with the relevant information. Activity 1: Graph and Interpret Motion Data of a Moving Object Activity 1 Table 1 Time ( x -axis) (seconds) Position ( y -axis) (meters) 0 0 5 20 10 40 15 50 20 55 30 60 35 70 40 70 45 70 50 55

Activity 1: Questions 1. What is the average speed of the train during the time interval from 0 s to 10 s? Average speed is 4 m/s. 2. Using the equation: v = s 2 − s 1 t 2 − t 1 , calculate the average speed of the train as it moves from position x = 50 m to x = 60 m. The average speed of the train between these two points is 2/3 or 0.67 m/s. 3. What does the slope of the line during each time interval represent? The slope of the line during each interval represents the train either accelerating, decelerating, or as represented at intervals 35 s to 45 s stationary. 4. From time t = 35 s until t = 45 s, the train is located at the same position. What is the slope of the line while the train is stationary? The slope is 0 while the train is stationary 5. Calculate the average speed of the train as it moves from position x = 70 m to x = 55 m. What does the sign of the average velocity during this time interval represent? The average speed of the train as it moves between these two points is -3 m/s. The sign represents the train is moving in reverse of its original direction. 6. What is the displacement of the train from time t = 0 s until t = 50 s? The displacement of the train from these two time points is 70 m forward and 15 m back for a total displacement of 55 m forward. 7. What is the total distance traveled by train from time t = 0 s until t = 50 s? The distance traveled is 70 m forward and 15 m back for a total distance of 85 m between these time ranges.

8. What is the slope of the line during the time interval t = 45 s to t = 50 s? The slope of the line during the time intervals is -3. 9. What does the sign of the slope in Question 8 represent in terms of the motion of the train? The sign of the slope indicates the train is moving in a negative or reverse direction. 10. What is the average velocity of the train during the interval t = 0 s to t = 50 s? The average velocity of the train during these time intervals is 1.1 m/s. 11. Does the train’s average velocity during the interval t = 0 s to t = 50 s provide a complete picture of the train’s motion during this time? It does not provide a complete picture of the train’s motion because it would depict the train having constant motion. But by verifying with the table and graph, the train had a 10 second period of no motion.

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Activity 2: Calculate the Velocity of a Moving Object Activity 2 Table 1 Time (s) Displacement (m)* 0.00 0.00 0.69 0.25 1.35 0.50 1.87 0.75 2.54 1.00 3.06 1.25 3.84 1.50 4.25 1.75 5.03 2.00 *Note that 0.25 m = 25 cm

Activity 2 Table 2 Time (s) Velocity (m/s) 1 0.3998 2 0.3998 3 0.3998 4 0.3998 5 0.3998 6 0.3998 7 0.3998 8 0.3998

Activity 3: Graph the Motion of an Object Traveling Under Constant Acceleration Activity 3 Table 1 Time (s) Average Time (s) Average Time 2 (s 2 ) Distance (m) Trial 1 = 0 0 0 0 Trial 2 = 0 Trial 3 = 0 Trial 1 = 0.45 0.48 0.23 0.1 Trial 2 = 0.50 Trial 3 = 0.48 Trial 1 = 0.77 0.76 0.58 0.2 Trial 2 = 0.77 Trial 3 = 0.75 Trial 1 = 0.95 0.93 0.86 0.3 Trial 2 = 0.90 Trial 3 = 0.94 Trial 1 = 1.13 1.12 1.25 0.4 Trial 2 = 1.14 Trial 3 = 1.10 Trial 1 = 1.25 1.27 1.61 0.5 Trial 2 = 1.29 Trial 3 = 1.27 Trial 1 = 1.40 1.39 1.93 0.6 Trial 2 = 1.40 Trial 3 = 1.36 Trial 1 = 1.49 1.46 2.13 0.7 Trial 2 = 1.40 Trial 3 = 1.49 Trial 1 = 1.58 1.58 2.50 0.8 Trial 2 = 1.61 Trial 3 = 1.55 *Note that 0.10 m = 10 cm

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Activity 3: Questions 1. What is the shape of the graph when displacement is graphed against time? The shape of the graph when displacement is graphed against time is a curved line. 2. What is the shape of the graph when displacement is graphed against time squared? The shape of the graph when displacement is graphed against time squared is a linear line. 3. What do the shapes of these graphs tell you about the relationship between distance and displacement for an object traveling at a constant acceleration? Distance reflects a change in speed over time while displacement reflects a constant acceleration and an increase in velocity over time. Activity 4: Predict the Time for a Steel Sphere to Roll Down an Incline Activity 4 Table 1 Steel Sphere Acrylic Sphere A Length of Track (cm) (Step 1, use 80 cm) 80 cm 80 cm B Angle of Elevation () in Degrees (Step 1) 9° 9° C Calculated Time from s = 0 to s = 80 (Formula from Step 2) 1.21 s 1.21 s D Measured Time from s = 0 to s = 80 (Step 3 with stopwatch) 1.60 s 1.69 s E % Difference (Step 4) 27.76 33.10

Activity 4: Question 1. What effect does the type of the sphere have on the time of the object to travel the measured distance? Explain. The steel sphere travels faster down the ramp compared to the acrylic sphere because the greater mass of the steel sphere allows it to accelerate at a faster rate than that of the acrylic sphere. Activity 5: Demonstrate That a Sphere Rolling Down the Incline Is Moving Under Constant Acceleration Activity 5: Questions 1. Describe your observations of the sounds made as the sphere crosses the equally spaced rubber bands (procedure Step 4). (If the sounds are too fast to tell apart, lower the angle of the ramp.) The sounds made as the sphere crosses the rubber bands gets higher pitched the faster and further down the ramp the steel ball gets. 2. Describe your observations of the sounds made as the sphere crosses the unequally spaced rubber bands (procedure Step 9)? (Use same angle as Step 4.) The sounds made as the sphere crosses the bands are more distinct and not at as high a frequency as when the bands are closer together. 3. Explain the differences you observed, if any, between the sounds with equal spacing and sounds with unequal spacing. The sounds with equal spacing were less distinct as the sphere crossed them and had a higher frequency as the sphere raced down the ramp. The sounds with unequal spacing were more distinct as the sphere crossed the bands and had a lower frequency as the sphere travelled down the ramp.

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