LK-04 Understanding Motion-Smart Cart Jonah Weber
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LK-04 UNDERSTANDING MOTION – Position and Velocity Rev 5/19/2021
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this experiment is to experiment with motion, both constant velocity and with acceleration, and how that effects the results on the graph
EQUIPMENT
ME-1240 Smart Cart
ME-6960 PASTrack
Capstone software
THEORY
In this Lab we will study the relationship between motion, velocity and acceleration. You will try to move an object at constant speed, and also at constant acceleration. in this lab our goal was to study the relationship between motion and acceleration, during the span of a set tiem. watch how the graph is affected by the speed at which the cart is traveling and also where the car is on the track.
Background
When describing the motion of an object, knowing where it is relative to a reference point, how fast and in what direction it is moving, and how it is accelerating (changing its rate of motion) is essential. The position sensor in the Smart Cart determines the position of the cart. As the cart moves, the change in its position is measured many times each second. The change in position from moment to moment is expressed as a velocity (meters per second). The change in velocity from moment to moment is expressed as an acceleration (meters per second per second). The position of an object at a particular time can be plotted on a graph. You can also graph the velocity and acceleration of the object versus time. A graph is a mathematical picture of the motion of an object. For this reason, it is important to understand how to interpret a graph of position, velocity, or acceleration versus time. In this activity you will plot a graph of
position in real-time, that is, as the motion is happening. For this activity, the Smart Cart will be the object in motion. The sensors in the Smart Cart will measure its position as you move it in a straight line at different speeds along the track. Use the Capstone Software to plot its motion on a graph of position Vs time, and Velocity Vs time.
The challenge in this activity is to move the cart in such a way that a plot of its motion on the graph will “match” the line that is shown in the figures later in this manual.
F
F
F
PROCEDURE
1-
Set up the track by joining its two parts. Place the Smart Cart on the track.
2-
Turn on the Capstone Software. Press the power button on the Smart Cart. The red led should start blinking. Smart Cart is now ready to connect via Bluetooth. 3-
In the Tools Palette (on left side of screen) click on “Hardware Setup”. This will open the Hardware
Palette. Select the Bluetooth symbol. You should see the Smart Cart or any other instrument that is
visible to Bluetooth to the computer. Select the instrument. Make sure its ID is the same as on the instrument. (The second smart cart in the box should remain in the OFF state, else it might also get
connected).
4-
The gear icon will open a window with Smart Cart sensors. Select Position, and turn off the others.
5-
Click Hardware Setup once again. This will close the Hardware Palette.
6-
As the Hardware Palette closes, the Display Palette opens up. Select “Se nsor Data”. On the graph, set the Y-axis as Position and X-axis as Time. You can adjust the size of the graph, and the scale of the X- and Y-axes. 7-
At the bottom-lower left of the screen is the ‘RECORD’ button. Once you click it, the system will start recording the position of the cart as a function of time. It will stop recording when clicked a second time.
8-
Before making the measurements for your experiment, play with the cart to see how its motion is displayed on the position-time and velocity-time graphs. (The data of the Position-Time graph converts to Velocity-Time if you change the Y-axis from Position to Velocity)
9-
Start recording, and move the cart with your hand in such a way that it creates, on the Position-
Time graph, a graph that looks like the one shown in Fig. 4. (In this figure, the y-axis shows 1.1 m. Our track is not so big. Also note that the line starts from 0.40 m. So in your case, instead of going from 0.40 to 1.10 m, try to go from 0.0 m to 0.7 m in time from 2.0 s to 6.0 s.) The objective is more to try to get a constant velocity, than to get the same velocity as in the graph.
10-
Stop recording. Use the curve fit tool to get the position and velocity in segments A, B and C. Note them in the data table and take a screenshot of the graph to attach with your report.
11-
Repeat steps 9 to 10 so that you get a different velocity. Measure the velocity and enter in the data table, and take the screen shot.
12-
Now change the y-axis to Velocity. This makes it a Velocity-Time graph. 13-
Start Recording. With your hand, move the cart so that it traces a graph as close as possible to the one shown in Figure 5. Here, the velocity is increasing, decreasing, and stays constant in different sections. Again, the objective to go get a shape similar to the figure, even if the values do not match exactly.
14-
Stop Recording.
15-
Measure the Velocity and Acceleration at different sections of the graphs and enter in the data table. Print the Position-Time and Velocity-Time graphs, and attach these to your report.
You can get the values of velocity and acceleration by clicking on the “Highlight Data” icon to get a
colored square on the screen. You can adjust its width and height, and move it around the screen. On the graph, move and adjust its size so that a portion of the data showing non-zero velocity is inside the box. Then click the icon for “Curve Fits”. The slope on the Position-Time graph will be the velocity, and the slope on the velocity-time graph will be the acceleration.
(Note that the icons at the top of the graphs in the figure don’t match with the ones in your Capstone, as yours is updated)
Highlight Data Apply Curve Fit to Highlighted Data
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