Sickle Cell Disease

The Hematologic System   Name of Condition Which specific part of the body is affected? What is the pathophysiology of this condition? What are the objective/subjective signs & symptoms?     Leukemia               Lymphoma                   Anemia                   Sickle Cell Anemia                     Polycythemia

A lower than normal hematocrit may indicate anemia while a higher than normal hematocrut may indicate polycytgemia. True or false

secondary polythycemia anemia primary polythycemia sickle cell anemia is an excess of red blood cells due to dehydration or emphysema. anemia is the general term referring to blood with too few erythrocytes or insufficient hemoglobin synthesis. primary polythycemia is an excess of red blood cells due to cancer of an erythropoietic cell line. sickle cell anemia is a hereditary disease where hemoglobin is mutated and forms erythrocytes with pointy rigid shapes that tend to clump and block small vessels.

A person has a hematocrit of 45%. From this information, you can tell that   The person is a male The person has polycythemia 45% of the person’s blood volume is made up of erythrocytes The person is a female

Rh blood incompatibilities its causes and management. Indicate its references

Elsa’s pediatrician suspects that she has thalassemia. Which of the following statements is true of thalassemia?   Thrombocytes tend to “stick together” and form blood clots.   Thalassemia is always caused by diet and environmental factors, not genetic makeup.   Thalassemia is also known as erythroblastic anemia and involves a reduced amount of hemoglobin in the blood.   Thalassemia is a type of hemophilia and is often hereditary in females.

Multiple Choice.

To explain: Why the patients with severe liver disease often have impaired blood clotting.

An 80 year old man is seen for an annual physical examination. He complains of shortness of breath on exertion and is often tired. His stool is black. Laboratory data are: Haemoglobin: 8.2 g/dL Haematocrit: 30% White cell count: 4.2 x 109 /L White cell differential: Neutrophils: 60% Lymphocytes: 31% Monocytes: 7% Eosinophils: 2% Basophils: 0% Red cell count: 4.0 x 1012/L RDW: 20% Platelet count: 400 x 109 /L Reticulocyte count: 1.2% Stool occult blood: Positive   1. How would you classify this anaemia morphologically? 2. What is the most probable type of anaemia seen in this patient? 3. What is the likely cause of the complaints of shortness of breath reported in this patient?

An 80 year old man is seen for an annual physical examination. He complains of shortness of breath on exertion and is often tired. His stool is black. Laboratory data are: Haemoglobin: 8.2 g/dL Haematocrit: 30% White cell count: 4.2 x 109 /L White cell differential: Neutrophils: 60% Lymphocytes: 31% Monocytes: 7% Eosinophils: 2% Basophils: 0% Red cell count: 4.0 x 1012/L RDW: 20% Platelet count: 400 x 109 /L Reticulocyte count: 1.2% Stool occult blood: PositiveQUESTIONS 1. What is this patient’s MCV? Show calculation 2. With reference to the MCV normal range, comment on the MCV   obtained in 1A above. 3. How would you classify this anaemia morphologically? 4. What is the most probable type of anaemia seen in this patient? 5. What is the likely cause of the complaints of shortness of breath reported in this patient

The hyperviscosity shndrome can cause cardiac ischemia by impairing micro circulation and this syndrome is associated with erythrocytosis, leukocytes is, or hypercholesterolemi. For each condition provide a definition, indicate two causes for each condition and give the normal values.

Fancy terms for Mundane words: Give the common name for these common conditions: • sphenopalatine ganglioneuralgia • Blepharospasm word surgery: break the words down into prefix, suffix and roots and interpret its meaning: • cyanosis • leukopenia • erythrocyte

Considering the genotypes for the ABO locus and the H-locus of the patient below. what blood type do they have? ABO Locus genotype = ii; H-Locus genotype = HH O a. Type A O b. Type B c. Type O Od. Type AB Oe. Either a or c

Neutrophils can be found in healthy tissues. true or false

Name all the cells that are found in the bone marrow under each type of  hemopoiesis ERYTHROPOIESIS  GRANULOPOIESIS  AGRANULOPOIESIS

Clinical Situation. A 67-year-old patient with Coronary Artery Disease: Myocardial Infarction (acute stage) is complained of intense pain behind the sternum. Cardialgia was nitroglycerin. The doctor prescribed a drug (1 ml of 1% Promedol Solution for intramuscular injection) to be administered to the patient. not stopped after sublingual administration of 1) Which group of drugs (A or B) does this medicine belong to? 2) What are the rules for storage of potent and narcotic substances? 3) Who should be present during the injection procedure? 4) What to do with the used ampoule? 5) What are the medical documents for taking notes on the medical manipulations performed?

Which of the following disorders decreases the person’s ability to produce a platelet plug? Both von Willenbrand’s disease and Hemophilia Hemophilia Vitamin K deficiency von Willenbrand’s disease

Read and memorize the normal values of CBC , and some important definition of terms pertaining to Hematology and its disorders. Normal values        BLOOD COMPONENT MEDICAL TERM NORMAL VALUES FUNCTION LIFESPAN RBC         WBC         PLATELET

a brief description of the following disorders and the type of formed element ved. Disorders Description Forme Specific genetic mutations lack of specific clotting factors required in the clotting cascade continued internal bleeding Clotuting & IX are nophilia liver cll astic anemia nolytis anemia

A 3-year-old male presents to ED with bloody diarrhoea and a rash. Full blood count results and blood film Parameter Result Reference range Haemoglobin 92 g/L 110-140 g/L Red blood cell count 3.58 x 1012/L 3.86-5.00 x 1012/L Haematocrit 0.28 0.31-0.38 Mean cell volume 78.5 fL 73-85 fL Mean cell haemoglobin 25.7 pg 25-30 pg MCHC 327 g/L 310-360 g/L Reticulocyte count 150 x 10%/L 20-80 x 10%/L White blood cell count 18.6 x 10%/L 4.9-12.8 x 10%/L Platelet count 27 x 10%/L 215-450 x 109/L Blood film

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is associated with which of the following conditions? Anemia Sepsis Pneumothorax Cystic fibrosis

A patient most likely presents with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and you have a full blood cell count (CBC) preformed. Which CBC profile most likely matches a CML diagnosis? Normal CBC ranges: Hb 115-175 g/L; WBC 4-11 x 10/L; platelets 150- 400 x 10/L. O Hb 82 g/L, WBC 175 x 10/L; platelets 115 x 10/L. O Hb 60 g/L, WBC 12 x 10/L; platelets 420 x 10/L. O Hb 250 g/L, WBC 25 x 10/L; platelets 650 x 10/L. O Hb 160 g/L, WBC 10 x 10/L platelets 500 x 10/L. Hb 130 g/L WBC 6 x 10/L platelets 500 x 10/L

presentation on the biochemical aspects of atherosclerosis(700 - 900 Words). Including the General and biological pathway of atherosclerosis.

Treatment for Pulmonary Edema secondary to Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) secondary to Left Ventricular Hypertrophy

A lack of Von Willebrand factor or other clotting factors would cause a person to : be unable to vasodilate or vasoconstrict vessels be unable to produce platelets ( thrombocytes ) Obe unable to form a blood clot be unable to dissolve a blood clot