Pregnancy Prevention CTQs (1)

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Northern Arizona University *

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Medicine

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Dec 6, 2023

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pdf

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Pregnancy Prevention CTQs 1. Summarize the benefits of birth control (contraception) in America., according to a summary of the article by the National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy (pp.3-7). Name four specific health or medical benefits (to the pregnant woman and/or to her fetus/baby) and four specific non-medical benefits (to the mother, the family, and/or society). One advantage of birth control in America is that it "is essential to significantly reducing the number of unplanned pregnancies and abortions in the U.S." (Kaye et al., 2014), according to an article from the National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unintended Pregnancy. According to (Kaye et al.2014), family planning also helps to reduce the risk of "preterm birth, low birth weight, infant mortality, and congenital abnormalities" and improves the health of mothers and children. According to Kaye et al. (2014), pregnancy planning helps to "reduce child poverty and fewer health disparities." Additionally linked to improvements in education and more economic prospects for women are birth control and contraception. Family planning and birth control enhance family well-being and lessen interpersonal conflict. Since "providing public funding for birth control saves nearly $6 in medical costs for every $1 spent on contraceptive services," planned pregnancies benefit society by minimizing public spending (Kaye et al., 2014). 2. Summarize the benefits of investing in contraception globally, according to the fact sheet from the Guttmacher Institute titled “Adding It Up: Investing in Contraception and Maternal & Newborn Health” and the video called “One Investment, Many Returns: The Economic Benefits of Family Planning.” (You must include information from and citations for both sources.) "The cost of preventing an unintended pregnancy through the use of modern contraception is far lower than the cost of providing care for an unintended pregnancy," states the Guttmacher Institute fact sheet. (Institute Guttmacher, 2017). Investing in contraceptive services in addition to maternity and newborn health care helps to enhance women's health. The video called "One Investment, Many Returns: The Economic Benefits of Family Planning" explains how "investing in family planning can transform the economies of households and communities"(Knowledge Success, 2018). The film also discusses how family planning benefits households and how these advantages might eventually translate into national advantages like boosting economic development and competitiveness internationally. Purchasing universal contraception for women would yield large financial rewards and have the potential to significantly alter economies over time. 3. Provide an overview of key facts presented in your textbook about one specific non-prescription method of birth control of your choice: How does it work to prevent pregnancy? How effective is it? Where can it be obtained? What are some possible side effects of using it?
Male condoms are one particular non-prescription birth control option that is discussed in the textbook. By creating a barrier between the penis and the vagina during vaginal sex, male condoms help avoid pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections. Using a condom keeps the other partner from coming into touch with the fluids that are expelled during intercourse. For the ideal user, condom effectiveness is around 98%, but for the average user, it is 82%. Condoms are cheap, readily available, and often available at any convenience or grocery shop in the area, making them widely accessible. Male condoms "have none of the side effects associated with hormonal methods of contraception" (Greenberg et al., 2017). However, many males typically say that a disadvantage to condom use is that they "reduce sensitivity and spontaneity" (Greenberg et al., 2017). 4. Provide an overview of key facts presented in your textbook about one specific prescription method of birth control of your choice: How does it work to prevent pregnancy? How effective is it? Where can it be obtained? What are some possible side effects of using it? Does it offer protection against STIs in addition to preventing pregnancy? The oral contraceptive pill (OC) is one particular prescription birth control technique covered in the textbook. Oral contraceptive pills are used by women daily. They prevent pregnancy by thickening cervical mucus, which stops sperm from fertilizing the egg and stopping the ovaries from producing an egg. The tiny pill is a progestin-only oral contraceptive pill, whereas the combination oral contraceptive pill also includes estrogen. Given that birth control tablets are approximately 99.7% effective when taken appropriately at the same time every day, they "provide one of the most effective means of preventing pregnancy." (Greenberg & Associates, 2017). A prescription must be obtained from a healthcare physician to get oral contraceptives. "Increased breast size, reduction in acne, elimination of mittelschmerz, and reduction of menstrual cramps" are a few potential adverse effects that may happen when taking oral contraceptives (Greenberg et al., 2017). The main health concern associated with combination oral contraceptives is an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
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