AHS 142 Journal Article Assignment - Copy

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Trident Technical College *

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142

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Mechanical Engineering

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Feb 20, 2024

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AHS 142 Journal Article Assignment I. Instructions for this assignment: 1. Read the following journal article from Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology. Buowari, OY., (2012)., Complications in Venipuncture , Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology , 2013, 4, 126 – 128. Retrieved from. – This article is printed off at the end of this assignment because the article has been removed from this internet site; the reason this link is present is because it is not my own work thus requiring my source to be cited. This is correct protocol when something is not one’s own work. 2. Answer the questions below – answers should be typewritten on a separate piece of paper. II. Questions to be answered: (Worth 10 points) 1. What is the most common invasive medical procedure performed by health care providers? Venipuncture 2. Venipuncture practices differ from country to country and from one healthcare facility to another. List these differences. (Hint: there are 5 listed in this article.) Blood sampling technique, use of safety devices, disposal methods, reuse of devices and availability of hepatitis b vaccine 3. What should be observed at all times for the protection of the patient and the healthcare worker? Universal precautions 4. List 15 complications which can arise as a complication from venipuncture. Hematoma, infections, nerve damage, hemoconcentration extravasations, fainting, petechiae, excessive bleeding, edema, fear and phobia, thrombosis, arterial puncture, pain, allergies, and Iatrogenic anemia. III. Chapter 4, p. 87-102 (Worth 10 points) The following questions may have more than one answer . 1. What does the term “preexamination” refer to in phlebotomy practice? A. Variables that affect the blood specimen during testing

B. Equipment malfunction during analysis C. Variables that affect the specimen prior to laboratory testing D. D. When a test result is reported incorrectly 2. What is the ideal time for blood specimens to be collected? A. At midnight B. 6 hours after the last ingestion of food C. 12 hours after the last ingestion of food D. 24 hours after the last ingestion of food 3. If blood is to be collected for a timed blood glucose level determination, the patient must fast for how long? A. 4 – 6 hours B. 6 – 8 hours C. 8 – 12 hours D. 14 – 16 hours 4. If a patient is overweight and the phlebotomist cannot access the vein when the needle is first inserted, what should the phlebotomist do? A. Probe around with the needle until the vein is found B. Repalpate and adjust/move the needle very slightly forwards or backwards C. Push the needle all the way in because the vein is probably under layers of fat D. Push to the left and right with the needle to see if the vein is there 5. If the tourniquet is applied for longer than 3 minutes, which of the following analytes will most likely become falsely elevated? A. Glucose B. Bilirubin C. Cholesterol D. Lithium 6. To ensure that the patient is in the basal state for laboratory testing, A. the patient must sleep for at least 8 hours.

B. the physician must require the patient to fast overnight for 8 to 12 hours. C. the physician must require the patient to fast and not drink water overnight. D. the patient must rest for at least 13 hours and not drink water or eat any food. 7. Which of the following should stop the health care worker from collecting blood from a patient’s arm vein? A. Heart attack that occurred the previous day B. Cardiac bypass surgery two days ago C. High blood pressure D. Mastectomy 8. The appearance of small red spots on a patient’s skin due to a blood clotting abnormality is referred to as: A. Hemoconcentration. B. Petechiae. C. Hemolysis. D. Syncope. 9. What is the effect on a patient if a phlebotomist punctures a nerve with the blood collection needle? A. It should not have an effect on the patient or blood specimen. B. The patient will feel a sharp radiating pain and the procedure should be discontinued. C. The blood specimen may be contaminated with interstitial fluid. D. The patient’s arm may tingle slightly but it should not interfere with the rest of the procedure. 10. A hemolyzed specimen can lead to falsely increased results for: A. RBC count. B. Hematocrit. C. Hemoglobin. D. Potassium. IV. Case Study and Action in Practice Challenges (Worth 5 points)

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Ms. Kendra Culberson is a health care provider who contracts with two rural hospitals to make home health care visits. This morning as she arrived at East Angelina Hospital, she notices she had five home visits. She quickly threw blood collection equipment in her lockable container and hurried to her first patient, Ms. Halley Jenson, and 82- year-old African American woman, who has type II diabetes with myocardial complications. Her physician had requested a complete chemistry profile and protime, in addition to a physical examination. After Ms. Culberson checked Mrs. Jenson’s vital signs, she decided to collect Ms. Jenson’s blood with a winged infusion blood collection set because of the fragility of her veins. She prepared the site for blood collection and after opening a 25-guage safety winged infusion needle set, she inserted the needle into the patient’s vein in her hand and first collected blood in a light-blue topped vacuum plastic tube for the protime, followed by blood collection into a red- speckled topped vacuum plastic tube. After completing the physical exam and blood collection, she labeled the tubes, discarded the biohazardous blood collection items in her biohazardous disposal container, and left Ms. Jenson’s home with the collected blood and health care equipment, including the blood collection items. 1. Did the health care provider use the proper order of draw for Ms. Jenson’s laboratory tests? No 2. Explain your answer to the previous question. She collected the color tubes in the correct order; however, she did not use a discard tube first before collecting from the light blue tube. 3. Did the health care provider use the correct blood collection equipment? Yes 4. Explain your answer to the previous question. The patient's veins were fragile, so the butterfly needle was appropriate for the blood draw. A 54-year-old woman, Mrs. Howser, comes for her annual checkup at the oncology clinic. After her visit with her doctor, she is sent to the laboratory to have some routine blood specimens collected. The health care worker correctly identifies her, prepares the site, supplies, and equipment and inquires about which arm Mrs. Howser prefers to have the puncture performed on. Mrs. Howser says, “Well, it doesn’t really matter to me but I had my mastectomy done five years ago on this side and they usually stick me over here,” as she points to her left arm.

1. How should the health care worker proceed? Draw blood from the arm on the opposite side the mastectomy was done on. 2. Why would a mastectomy make any difference in site selection? Mastectomy patients are at risk for lymphedema and infections from getting your blood drawn can occur which can cause lymphedema. 3. Does the length of time after a mastectomy make any difference? No