3-CRYSTAL STRUCTURE-CHPT 3-MIAE 221-2023

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Concordia University *

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Material Science

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Oct 30, 2023

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1 CRYSTAL STRUCTURE Chapter 3 MIAE 221 – Materials Science
Topic #3A - MIAE 221 (adapted from Callister) 2 CRYSTAL STRUCTURE - Chapter 3 (arrangement of atoms into solid structure) Why study this? • Ductile - brittle transition in metals. • Crystalline versus amorphous - transparency In gases, atoms have no order. If atoms are bonded to each other but there is no repeating pattern (only short range order ) . e.g. water, glasses – they are non-crystalline ( AMORPHOUS ) If atoms are bonded together in a regular, repeating 3-D pattern they form a CRYSTAL . These have long range order (like a brick wall).
Chapter 3 - 3 • Non-dense , random packing • Dense, ordered packing Dense, ordered packed structures tend to have lower energies. Energy and Packing Energy r typical neighbor bond length typical neighbor bond energy Energy r typical neighbor bond length typical neighbor bond energy Topic #3A - MIAE 221 (adapted from Callister)
Topic #3A - MIAE 221 (adapted from Callister) 4 • atoms pack in periodic, 3D arrays • typical of: Crystalline materials... -metals -many ceramics -some polymers • atoms have no periodic packing • occurs for: Noncrystalline materials... -complex structures -rapid cooling crystalline SiO 2 noncrystalline SiO 2 " Amorphous " = Noncrystalline MATERIALS AND PACKING
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