The creation of grammar books and dictionaries continues as English changes and expands

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Community College of Philadelphia *

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092

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Linguistics

Date

Jan 9, 2024

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pdf

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3

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The creation of grammar books and dictionaries continues as English changes and expands. Today, English has one of the largest vocabularies of any language spoken in the world. New words constantly enter the English language as people engage in the following activities: invent new technologies (email, computer, modem) adopt words from other languages (film noir, raccoon) create acronyms (scuba: self-contained underwater breathing apparatus) blend words (motor + hotel = motel) Despite the efforts of the most diligent lexicographers (makers of dictionaries) and grammarians (creators of grammar texts), the English language will continue to change and expand. Languages are alive. As long as a language is spoken, it will change and evolve. a dictionary The noxious fumes of ammonia and bleach filled her nostrils and overwhelmed her; she hit the ground with a loud thwack. Space used (includes formatting): 0 / 15000 Submitted! In this instance, noxious probably means "overpowering" or maybe even "poisonous." Ammonia and bleach are highly toxic substances. They have very strong odors and can be harmful to the respiratory system. Part B Some race car drivers think they are invincible; their hubris often causes them to take unnecessary risks. Space used (includes formatting): 0 / 15000 Submitted! Here, invincible provides a context clue in this sentence. Considering oneself invincible suggests an excessive confidence in oneself. This context clue suggests that hubris means "overconfidence." Part C The concert featured an eclectic mix of bands who played many different kinds of music. Space used (includes formatting): 0 / 15000 Submitted! The phrase "many different kinds of music" gives a clue about the mix of bands. Because we know the music was varied, we can assume eclectic means something similar to diverse or varied. Part D Unlike his well-behaved brother, Alec was an impertinent child who constantly asked rude and intrusive questions of authority figures.
Space used (includes formatting): 0 / 15000 Submitted! In this case, the context provides a clue by contrast with the underlined word. The word unlike suggests a contrast with well-behaved, implying the word impertinent means "ill-mannered." Question 2 Read the Denotation vs. Connotation Knowledge Article. Then write which of the words in each pair below has a positive connotation and which one has a negative connotation. Explain your answer. Part A smelly, fragrant Space used (includes formatting): 0 / 15000 Submitted! Smelly has a negative connotation. When someone says something is smelly, they usually mean it has an unpleasant odor. Fragrant, by contrast, has a positive connotation. Someone might describe a rose as being fragrant, meaning that it has a pleasant odor. Part B cheap, frugal Space used (includes formatting): 0 / 15000 Submitted! Cheap has a negative connotation. If someone is cheap, he or she might hoard their money and refuse to spend even when there is good reason. Frugal, on the other hand, implies a positive connotation. It means that a person handles their money well and will not make unnecessary purchases. Part C strong-willed, stubborn Space used (includes formatting): 0 / 15000 Submitted! Strong-willed has a positive connotation. If you say someone is strong-willed, you probably mean the person is independent or that he or she will not back down when faced with adversity. Stubborn, however, has a negative connotation. It tends to imply that a person will be disagreeable. Part D conceited, self-confident Space used (includes formatting): 0 / 15000 Submitted! Conceited has a negative connotation. When you say a person is conceited, you probably mean that he or she is overconfident or overly impressed with themselves. Self-confident
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