AS 321 Part 135 Group Assignment

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Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University *

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321

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Industrial Engineering

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Oct 30, 2023

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135.87  Must have cargo rack or bin  Must be secured  Must be covered  Doesn’t impose load on floor  Doesn’t obstruct emergency equipment/exits  Not carried directly above occupants  Stowed for TO/LDG  Cargo ops obstruction of exits/equip doesn’t matter 135.89 – Pilots must use oxygen continuously 10,000-12,000 if longer then 30 minutes(unpressurized) -- above 12,000 for any duration Pressurized – when cabin pressure above 10,000:  25,000-35,000 either quick donning masks, or at least one pilot at controls when cabin pressure exceeds 12,000 MSL  35,000 or above one pilot at controls required to wear mask  Above 25,000 when one pilot leaves duty station, other must wear oxygen while they are gone. 135.93  In TO greater then 500 ft AGL  500 feet above terrain enroute  No more then 50 ft below decision height.  For Go around same as specified takeoff/climb  Minimum use doesn’t apply to planes with Autoland capabilities  Section doesn’t apply to rotorcraft 135.117  Passengers must be advised when and where smoking is prohibited  Instruction on use of safety belts  Seatback placements before takeoff and landing  Location and opening of emergency exits  Survival equipment locations  Ditching procedures and floatation device use  Use of oxygen at flights above 12,000  Location and operation of fire extinguishers  Oral briefing must be given by PIC or crew member  19 or less passengers briefing may also be given by qualifying person  Briefing must be supplemented by printed cards easily accessible to each passenger

135.121  No person may drink an alcoholic beverage onboard unless it was served by certificate holder operating the aircraft  No cert holder may serve alcohol to a person believed to be intoxicated onboard  No cert holder may allow a person to board an aircraft if they appear to be intoxicated. 135.128  Each person shall occupy a seat onboard with a safety belt. A child however:  Be held by an adult who is occupying a seat if the child is under 2 years old  May Occupy an approved child harness o Child must be accompanied by parent, guardian, or designated attendant o Restrain system bears certain labels  Boosters/child harnesses or restraints are not approved for use 135.144  No person may operate, nor any PIC or operator of an aircraft allow, any portable electronic device  Exclusions: o Hearing aids o Pacemakers o Portable voice recorders o Electric shavers o Oxygen Concentrators (if applicable with part 135.91) o Or any portable electronic device that the part 119 holder deems will not cause interference with navigation or communication equipment.  All determinations made by part 119 cert holder 135.153  No operations of a turbine powered aircraft of more then 10 seats (not pilot seat) without ground prox. Warning system  AFM should cover: o Appropriate system use o Proper flight crew action; respect to the system o Deactivation for planned abnormal and emergency situations o Outline of input sources that must be working  No person may deactivate tis equip unless AFM approved scenario  Whenever deactivated, deactivation must be recorded in maintenance log (date and time of deactivation)

 135.154 o Terrain Awareness o 10+ seats TSO for class A equipment o 6-9 seats TSO for class B equipment o Flight Manual with procedures  135.167 o Over water o Survivor locator light o Life raft o Pyrotechnic signaling device o Survival kit  135.180 o 10 – 30 seats o TCAS II o Appropriate Procedures  135.203 o VFR Altitude limits o Day not below 500ft o Night not below 1000ft o Helicopter not below 300ft  135.205 o VFR Visibility requirement o Visibility 2 miles required if ceiling less than 1000ft o Helicopter below 1200ft:  Day 1/2 sm  Night 1sm  135.209 o Fuel requirement o Day: Point of intended landing + 30 min o Night: +45 min o Helicopter: +20 min  135.213 o Weather report has to be approved by NWS o IFR Flight Weather taken from Airport of operation  135.217 o Takeoff Limitation o IFR No takeoff where:  Below IFR landing Minimums  Unless Alternate Airport within 1 hour of departure  135.219 IFR: destination Airport Weather Minimums o IFR limitation

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o No person may take off or operate under IFR unless latest weather reports/forecasts indicate next airport of intended landing is at or above IFR minimums at ETA  135.221 IFR: Alternate Airport Weather Minimums o for Aircraft Other Than Rotorcraft:  Can designate an alternate airport only if weather reports/forecasts indicate it meets authorized alternate airport landing minimums. o for Rotorcraft:  Can include an alternate airport in an IFR flight plan if weather reports/forecasts meet specific minimums.  If an instrument approach procedure exists, ceiling must be 200 feet above the approach minimum and visibility at least 1 statute mile (never less than the approach minimum).  If no instrument approach procedure exists, minimums must allow descent from MEA, approach, and landing under basic VFR conditions.  135.223 IFR: Alternate Airport Requirements o IFR flights must carry enough fuel for:  Flight to the first intended landing airport.  Flight from there to an alternate airport.  An additional 45 minutes of flight at normal cruising speed (30 minutes for helicopters). o There's an exception (paragraph b) when:  A standard instrument approach procedure exists for the first intended landing airport (Part 97).  Specific weather conditions are forecasted for one hour before and after estimated arrival, including ceiling and visibility criteria.  135.225 IFR: Takeoff, Approach and Landing Minimums o Starting an IFR Approach:  Requires a weather reporting facility. Latest weather report must meet or exceed authorized IFR landing minimums. o Exceptions for Eligible On-Demand Operations (paragraph b):  Allowed without weather reporting facility if alternate airport has one.  Requires current local altimeter setting or charted setting. o Starting the Final Approach:  Not allowed unless weather meets or exceeds IFR landing minimums. o Continuing an Approach with Worsening Conditions (paragraph d):  Conditions must worsen after specific approach phases.  Pilot in command must confirm weather meets minimums at MDA or DA/DH. o Increased Minimums for Inexperienced Turbine-Powered Aircraft Pilots (paragraph e):  Minimums increased for pilots with <100 hours as pilot in command in that type of aircraft. o Compliance with Military or Foreign Airport Procedures (paragraph f):

 Must comply with airport authority's procedures and weather minimums. o Takeoff Minimums (paragraphs g and h):  Takeoff restrictions based on weather conditions and regulations. o Straight-In Approaches (paragraph i):  Allowed under specific conditions with visibility meeting straight-in landing minimums. o EFVS Operations (paragraph j):  Allows starting or continuing an approach with reduced visibility if using an operable Enhanced Flight Vision System (EFVS) and following specific regulations.  135.227 Icing Conditions: Operating Limitations o Takeoff Conditions (paragraph a):  No takeoff with frost, ice, or snow on aircraft surfaces, unless authorized by the FAA. o Preventing Takeoff in Icing Conditions (paragraph b):  Pilots need training.  No takeoff if icing is expected, except when certain conditions are met. o Icing Conditions During Flight (paragraphs c, d, e):  Aircraft must have appropriate equipment and certifications to fly into known or forecast icing conditions. o Severe Icing Conditions (paragraph e):  No flight into known or forecasted severe icing conditions. o Exception for Changed Weather (paragraph f):  If weather changes, restrictions based on icing forecasts don't apply.  135.263 Flight Time Limitations and Rest Requirements: All Certificate Holders o Assignment of Flight Crewmembers (paragraph a):  Flight crewmembers can only be assigned flight time when meeting regulations from §§ 135.263 to 135.271. o Rest Periods (paragraph b):  No flight crew assignments during required rest periods. o Travel Time Exclusion (paragraph c):  Time spent in non-local transportation is not part of a rest period. o Flight Time Extensions (paragraph d):  Flight crewmembers don't exceed flight time limits if flights are expected to end within limits but unforeseen circumstances, like bad weather, might cause delays.  135.267 Flight Time Limitations and Rest Requirements: Unscheduled Operations o Flight Time Limits (paragraph a):  Flight crewmembers have limits on total commercial flying hours in specific timeframes. o Daily Flight Time Limits (paragraph b):

 Daily flight time limits for one or two-pilot crews are defined. o Exceptions for Extended Duty (paragraph c):  Flight time can exceed daily limits under certain conditions, including sufficient rest. o Minimum Rest Period (paragraph d):  Assignments must allow for at least 10 consecutive hours of rest before completion. o Rest After Exceeding Limits (paragraph e):  Rest requirements based on the degree of exceeding flight time limits. o Quarterly Rest Period Requirement (paragraph f):  Certificate holders must provide flight crewmembers with at least 13 rest periods of 24 consecutive hours each in each calendar quarter.  135.273 Duty Period Limitations and Rest Time Requirements o Definitions (paragraph a):  Defines terms like "calendar day," "duty period," "flight attendant," and "rest period." o Duty Period Limits and Rest (paragraph b):  Limits scheduled duty periods for flight attendants.  Requires scheduled rest periods between duty periods, with options for reduced rest under specific conditions.  Specifies mandatory rest periods and limitations. o Transportation Not Included in Rest (paragraph b):  Time spent in non-local transportation is not considered part of a rest period. o Weekly Rest Requirement (paragraph b):  Requires a minimum of 24 consecutive hours of rest within any 7 consecutive calendar days. o Exception for Unforeseen Circumstances (paragraph b):  Flight attendants are not considered to exceed duty period limits if flights are scheduled to end within limits but are delayed due to uncontrollable factors. o Application of Flight Crew Regulations (paragraph c):  Allows the application of flight crewmember regulations to flight attendants with certain conditions and procedures, subject to approval by the FAA. o Revisions and Approval (paragraph c):  Requires written procedures to be approved by the FAA and allows for revisions under FAA supervision.

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