Study Sheet Exam 3 Sec

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Apr 3, 2024

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Study Sheet Exam 3 Sec.27-30 1. What brought America into World War II and the date? The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, ended the debate over American intervention in both the Pacific and European theaters of World War II. The day after the attack, Congress declared war on Imperial Japan with only a single dissenting vote. 2. Describe how the war affected the economy in the 1940s. America was the only that saw an expansion of consumer goods despite wartime rationing. BY 1944, as a result of wage increases and overtime pay, real weekly wages before taxes in manufacturing were 50 percent higher than in 1939. The war also created entire new technologies, industries, and associated human skills. 3. What was the purpose of the National War Labor Board? The Board was composed of 12 members, four representatives each of industry, labor, and the public. The Board's primary responsibility was to peacefully settle labor disputes in order to prevent strikes or lock-outs in war industries 4. How did the war affect the family? Among the more observable effects of war on the family are the withdrawal of young men from civilian, and their entrance into military, life, with a consequent increase in socially disapproved forms of behavior; the entrance of women into industry to replace the men drawn into the armed forces 5. Who was Doris Miller and Jesse Owens? Doris Miller was a United States Navy cook third class who was killed in action during World War II. He was the first Black American to be awarded the Navy Cross, the highest decoration for valor presented by the US Navy, and the second highest in the United States after the Medal of Honor. James Cleveland "Jesse" Owens was an American track and field athlete who won four gold medals at the 1936 Olympic Games. Owens specialized in the sprints and the long jump and was recognized in his lifetime as "perhaps the greatest and most famous athlete in track and field history" 6. What did the Tuskegee Airmen prove about blacks? The success of the Tuskegee Airmen proved to the American public that African Americans, when given the opportunity, could become effective military leaders and pilots. 7. How did Native Americans help in the war? Native servicemen fought in many of the war's pivotal military campaigns. The war had a significant and lasting impact on Indian Country. Approximately 150,000 American Indians participated in military service or agricultural and industrial jobs to support the war effort.
8. What is the holocaust and how many Jews died? The Holocaust was Nazi Germany's deliberate murder of approximately six million European Jews and at least five million prisoners of war. 9. How did the war affect women? World War II changed the lives of women and men in many ways on the Home Front. Wartime needs increased labor demands for both male and female workers, heightened domestic hardships and responsibilities, and intensified pressures for Americans to conform to social and cultural norms. 10. What happened on June 6, 1944? The D-Day operation of June 6, 1944 brought together the land, air and sea forces of the allied armies in what became known as the largest invasion force in human history. The operation, given the codename OVERLORD, delivered five naval assault divisions to the beaches of Normandy, France. 11. Why was the Battle of the Bulge significant? The Battle of the Bulge marked the last German offense on the Western Front. The catastrophic losses on the German side prevented Germany from resisting the advance of Allied forces following the Normandy Invasion. Less than four months after the end of the Battle of the Bulge, Germany surrendered to Allied forces. 12. What is V.E. day? Victory in Europe Day is the day celebrating the formal acceptance by the Allies of World War II of Germany's unconditional surrender of its armed forces on Tuesday, 8 May 1945, marking the official end of World War II in Europe in the Eastern Front, with the last shots fired on the 11th. 13. What was the result of the Battle of Coral Sea and Midway? The battle ended the proposed Japanese sea-borne invasion of Port Moresby. When they attacked the American fleet at Midway the next month, the weakened Japanese were met by a stronger Allied fleet than they had expected, and were defeated. This was the end of Japanese naval power in the Pacific. 14. What is island hopping? A military strategy employed by the Allies in the Pacific War against the Empire of Japan during World War II. The key idea is to bypass heavily fortified enemy islands instead of trying to capture every island in sequence en route to a final target. 15. What president brought an end to W.W. II and what means did he use to end the war?
Truman, after consultations with his advisers, ordered atomic bombs dropped on cities devoted to war work. Two were Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Japanese surrender quickly followed. In June 1945 Truman witnessed the signing of the charter of the United Nations, hopefully established to preserve peace. 16. Who were the Big Three during W.W. II and what did they decide at the Yalta Conference? At Yalta, the Big Three agreed that after Germany's unconditional surrender, it would be divided into four post-war occupation zones, controlled by U.S., British, French and Soviet military forces. The city of Berlin would also be divided into similar occupation 17. How was Berlin to be divided after W.W. II? In accordance with an agreement signed by the Allies, the city is divided into four sectors and administered jointly by the occupying powers, the United States of America, Great Britain, France, and the Soviet Union. 18. What was John Maynard Keynes theory of government spending? Keynesians believe that, because prices are somewhat rigid, fluctuations in any component of spending—consumption, investment, or government expenditures—cause output to change. If government spending increases, for example, and all other spending components remain constant, then output will increase. 19. Who would be in favor of the Taft-Hartley Act and who would be against it? Taft–Hartley was introduced in the aftermath of a major strike wave in 1945 and 1946. Though it was enacted by the Republican-controlled 80th Congress, the law received significant support from congressional Democrats, many of whom joined with their Republican colleagues in voting to override Truman's veto. 20. What was containment? Containment was a geopolitical strategic foreign policy pursued by the United States during the Cold War to prevent the spread of communism after the end of World War II. The name was loosely related to the term cordon sanitaire, which was containment of the Soviet Union in the interwar period. 21. What are some planks of communism and be able to distinguish from capitalism? A communist society is characterized by common ownership of the means of production with free access to the articles of consumption and is often classless, stateless, and moneyless, implying the end of the exploitation of labour. 22. What was the Marshall Plan?
The Marshall Plan was an American initiative enacted in 1948 to provide foreign aid to Western Europe. The United States transferred over $13 billion in economic recovery programs to Western European economies after the end of World War II. 23. What was the purpose of the Berlin Airlift? In response to the Soviet blockade of land routes into West Berlin, the United States begins a massive airlift of food, water, and medicine to the citizens of the besieged city. For nearly a year, supplies from American planes sustained the over 2 million people in West Berlin. 24. What was the Cold War and the years? The Cold War was the geopolitical, ideological, and economic struggle between two world superpowers, the USA and the USSR, that started in 1947 at the end of the Second World War and lasted until the dissolution of the Soviet Union on December 26, 1991. 25. Who won the election of 1948 and who was expected to win prior to the election? In one of the greatest upsets in presidential election history, Democratic incumbent Harry S. Truman defeats his Republican challenger, Governor Thomas E. Dewey of New York, by just over two million popular votes 26. Know the countries that were in NATO in 1949. At present, NATO has 30 members. In 1949, there were 12 founding members of the Alliance: Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, the United Kingdom and the United States. 27. Know the countries that were in the Warsaw Pact in 1955. The original signatories to the Warsaw Treaty Organization were the Soviet Union, Albania, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Bulgaria, Romania, and the German Democratic Republic. 28. What happened to China in 1949? On October 1, 1949, Chinese Communist leader Mao Zedong declared the creation of the People's Republic of China 29. Who was Chiang Kai-shek? Chiang Kai-shek (31 October 1887 – 5 April 1975), also known as Chiang Chung-cheng and Jiang Jieshi, was a Chinese Nationalist politician, revolutionary, and military leader who served as the leader of the Republic of China (ROC) from 1928 to his death in 1975 – until 1949 in mainland China and from then on in Taiwan. 30. What was the purpose of the United Nations and what organization did it replace?
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