W3 Burr Outline

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American Public University *

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315

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Health Science

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Jan 9, 2024

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1 Impact of Obesity on Healthcare Costs Sunee C. Burr American Military University PBHE315: Health Economics and Finance Leslie Lewis 26 November, 2023

2 Impact of Obesity of Healthcare Cost I. Introduction a. Obesity is the second leading cause of preventable deaths in the United States according to the National Institutes of Health. Obesity negatively affects every other bodily system. With multiple body systems being attacked, this can lead a person to having cardiac and pulmonary issues, as well as diabetes and many other major preventable health issues. With an increase in health issues, there will be an increase in provider visits and medical coverage for one person. b. The purpose of this paper is to highlight how obesity raises healthcare costs and expends medical resources. II. Overview of obesity defined in health care. a. What percentage of the population is obese? i. Around 40% of both the world’s population is obese. In 2021, the CDC documented that 42% of the United States population was obese. b. How does the WHO define obesity? i. The World Health Organization defines obesity as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a risk to health. This is determined by body mass index, or BMI. If a person's BMI is over 30, they are considered to be obese. c. What chronic health issues can derive from obesity? i. Obesity can further cause a major number of preventable issues in all systems of the body. Heart disease, strokes, diabetes, and cancers are just some of the most common.

3 III. Why is obesity a concern from a health care econo1mics perspective? a. Obesity is a concern from a healthcare economics perspective because of how widespread the disease is; there are so many factors that go into obesity. If obesity levels were to decrease, costs for healthcare insurance would do the same. IV. Which market forces have an impact on obesity? a. In 1990, Public Health Advocate began working to remove soda and junk food from California schools. With time, the three largest soda producers agreed to remove sugary drinks from schools. They came to see that the protection of children's health was politically expedient and made good business sense. Harold Goldstein, author of “How Market Forces Could Improve How We Eat”, writes about how he served as a public health advocate for 20 years. He brings light to how the public health advocates and the food and beverage industry treat each other as enemies. V. How is supply and demand illustrated with obesity issues? a. Supply and demand play a major part in the rise of obesity, especially in the modern-day economy. People began demanding cheaper and more convenient foods. VI. How has the affordable care act impacted obesity? a. What is the Affordable Care Act? i. The Affordable Care Act is a comprehensive health care reform law enacted in March of 2010. It has goals to make health insurance more affordable and available to people and to lower the cost of general health care.

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4 b. How is the Affordable Care Act impacting obesity? i. The Affordable Care Act provides funding for the Childhood Obesity Demonstration Project. This demonstration grant program is used to identify successful health care to support children's healthy eating and active lifestyles to combat childhood obesity. VII. How are health disparities demonstrated with obesity? a. Health disparities demonstrated with obesity include disability, quality of living, and premature mortality. People who struggle with their weight often receive discrimination from society affecting their physical and mental health. This can begin in childhood, as it is not common for children to show empathy to their overweight peers. VIII. How has this issue been improved in other global markets? a. Obesity in America can be compared to other countries but there must be other factors taken into consideration. Population, the country's wealth, education standards and access to nutritional food supply are some of the things that have to be taken into consideration. IX. Conclusion a. In conclusion, over the years we have seen a rise in obesity rates. With less nutritional education in schools and fast food becoming more convenient, obesity rates will continue to rise. The expenses of health care and medical coverages will not lower if we do not begin implementing into young minds how important nutritional value and physical exercise is.

5 References Impact of Obesity on Employment and Wages among Young Adults: Observational Study with Panel Data . (2019, January 7). PubMed Central. Retrieved November 23, 2023, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6338917/ World Health Organization: WHO. (2020, February 21). Obesity . https://www.who.int/health- topics/obesity#tab=tab_1 How market forces could improve How we Eat (SSIR) . (n.d.). (C) 2005-2023. https://ssir.org/articles/entry/how_market_forces_could_improve_how_we_eat# Obesity is a Common, Serious, and Costly Disease . (2022, July 20). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/adult.html USDA ERS - The Price Is Right: Economics and the Rise in Obesity . (n.d.). https://www.ers.usda.gov/amber-waves/2005/february/the-price-is-right-economics-and- the-rise-in-obesity/ Washington, T. B., Johnson, V. R., Kendrick, K. N., Ibrahim, A. A., Tu, L., Sun, K., & Stanford, F. C. (2023). Disparities in access and quality of obesity care. Gastroenterology Clinics of North America , 52 (2), 429–441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gtc.2023.02.003 The impact of obesity on your body and health | ASMBS . (n.d.). American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery. https://asmbs.org/patients/impact-of-obesity Reducing Obesity | Medicaid . (n.d.). https://www.medicaid.gov/medicaid/quality-of-care/quality- improvement-initiatives/reducing-obesity/index.html#:~:text=Affordable%20Care %20Act%20Improves%20Prevention%20and%20Obesity%20Coverage&text=The %20law%20calls%20for%20states,%2C%20including%20obesity%2Drelated %20services . Bariatrics, R. (2023, August 8). Report: Obesity rates by Country 2022 . Renew Bariatrics. https://renewbariatrics.com/obesity-rank-by-countries/

W3 Burr Outline

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