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PRIMARY CARE OF WOMEN AND BEST PRACTICES
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Primary Care of Women and Best Practices
Amanda Hulings
Walden University
NRNP 6551: Primary Care of Women
Jill Crotty
August 16, 2020
PRIMARY CARE OF WOMEN AND BEST PRACTICES
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Primary Care of Women and Best Practices
Healthcare providers incorporate best practices into their medical care by gaining clinical
experience, following evidence-based practice, and following clinical practice guidelines.
According to Mondoux and Shojania (2019), the use of evidence-based medicine is essential for
healthcare providers to implement to establish best practices.
The Women’s Health Initiative
(WHI) was formed to incorporate best practices in the care of the women by following clinical
guidelines and recommendations.
The WHI was created to recognize common diseases that
affect women such as cardiovascular disease, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and osteoporosis
in postmenopausal women and decrease the number of women affected by these diseases (Office
of Women’s Health,2019).
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the cardiovascular disease in
women and the current best practices that are used to manage and prevent cardiovascular disease.
Cardiovascular Disease
Cardiovascular disease (CVD), also commonly referred to as heart disease, is the leading
cause of death among men and women globally, with a rise among middle-aged women in the
United States (Elder, Sharma, Gulati, & Michos, 2020).
As a health care provider in women’s
health, it essential to understand the impact of cardiovascular disease among women and how to
prevent it.
It is essential to be aware of the differences between a woman and man and the
potential risk women have of developing cardiovascular disease.
According to Murphy,
Alderman, Harvey, and Harris (2017), in the United States, one in four women will die from the
result of CVD, and providers often are missing the symptoms of CVD in women.
Middle-aged
women are most affected by CVD because of menopause.
Post-menopausal develop lipid-rich
vulnerable plaques within the vessels that have more likely to calcify after menopause (Murphy
et al., 2017).
PRIMARY CARE OF WOMEN AND BEST PRACTICES
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Best Practices Currently Utilized for Cardiovascular Disease
The best practices currently used by healthcare providers is to prevent the development of
CVD in women.
According to Wood and Gordon (2019), late identification of cardiovascular
disease among women is common because many women lack understanding of CVD, so
implementing best practices is essential in prevention.
The best practices currently used in the
prevention of CVD are educating women about lifestyle modifications such as diet, exercise, and
smoking cessation.
The woman’s overall risk of cardiovascular disease is determined by total
cholesterol, blood pressure control, smoking cessation, exercising daily, and eating a heart-
healthy diet (Wood & Gordon, 2019).
Comparison of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention
The WHI clinical study trialed a dietary modification among 68,000 postmenopausal
women between the ages of 50 and 79 that involved the effect of consuming a diet consisting of
low fat, fruits, vegetables and grains in the prevention of heart disease, breast cancer, and
colorectal cancer (Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, &
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, n.d.).
The WHI trial results concluded that 30% of
women consumed a heart-healthy diet had a lower risk of developing CVD (Van Horn et al.,
2020).
Compared to the WHI trial, the best practices today focus on the diet being a major
influence on preventing CVD.
The evidence of utilizing diet modification and living a heart-
healthy lifestyle supports the best practices of preventing CVD in women (Wood & Gordon,
2019).
Based on the results of the WHI trial and the best practices today, diet modification is
significant in the prevention of CVD in women.
The Efficacy of Best Practices on the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease
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PRIMARY CARE OF WOMEN AND BEST PRACTICES
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The implementation of a heart-healthy diet, such as the Dietary Approaches to Stop
Hypertension (DASH) diet has proven to significantly reduce the risk of developing CVD in
women (Wood & Gordon, 2019).
The DASH diet is known for the benefit of preventing
hypertension and decreasing the risk of CVD.
The implementation and adherence of the DASH
diet reduces blood pressure, significantly reducing further risk of CVD disorders such as stroke
or heart attack (Rodriguez et al., 2019).
In addition to the DASH diet, educating women about
incorporating exercise into daily routines, strengthens the heart, and reduces the risk of
developing CVD.
Summary
As healthcare providers, it is essential to integrate clinical guidelines and best practices to
prevent CVD in women.
The WHI trials are a foundation of evidence-based practice that
providers can follow to ensure their patients are receiving optimal care.
Maintaining a heart-
healthy diet such as the DASH diet and other lifestyle changes has proven to show a reduction in
developing CVD in postmenopausal women.
As new guidelines continuously develop, staying
current on the best practices is important for managing and preventing CVD.
PRIMARY CARE OF WOMEN AND BEST PRACTICES
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References
Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, & National Heart,
Lung, and Blood Institute. (n.d.). Women’s Health Initiative: WHI background and
overview. Retrieved August 8, 2020, from https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/science/womens-
health-initiative-whi.
Elder, P., Sharma, G., Gulati, M., & Michos, E. D. (2020). Identification of female-specific risk
enhancers throughout the lifespan of women to improve cardiovascular disease
prevention.
American Journal of Preventive Cardiology
,
2
, 108. https://doi-
org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.1016/j.ajpc.2020.100028.
Mondoux, S., & Shojania, K. G. (2019). Evidence‐based medicine: A cornerstone for clinical
care but not for quality improvement.
Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice
,
25
(3),
363–368. https://doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.1111/jep.13135.
Murphy, N., Alderman, P., Harvey, K. V., & Harris, N. (2017). Women and heart disease: An
evidence-based update.
The Journal for Nurse Practitioners
,
13
(9), 610–616. https://doi-
org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.1016/j.nurpra.2017.07.011.
Office of Women’s Health. (2019). Largest women's health prevention study ever – Women's
health initiative.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
.
https://www.womenshealth.gov/30-achievements/25.
Rodriguez, M. A., Friedberg, J. P., DiGiovanni, A., Wang, B., Wylie-Rosett, J., Young, S., &
Natarajan, S. (2019). A tailored behavioral intervention to promote adherence to the
DASH diet.
American Journal of Health Behavior
,
43
(4), 659–670. https://doi-
org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.5993/AJHB.43.4.1.
PRIMARY CARE OF WOMEN AND BEST PRACTICES
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Van Horn, L., Aragaki, A. K., Howard, B. V., Allison, M. A., Isasi, C. R., Manson, J. E.,
Neuhouser, M. L., Mossavar-Rahmani, Y., Thomson, C. A., Vitolin, M. Z., Wallace, R.
B., & Prentice, R. L. (2020). Eating pattern response to a low-fat diet intervention and
cardiovascular outcomes in normotensive women: The women’s health initiative.
Current
Developments in Nutrition
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(3), 1–11. https://search-ebscohost-
com.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edb&AN=142475496&site=eds-
live&scope=site.
Wood, J., & Gordon, P. (2019). Heart disease prevention in women: The NP s role.
ʼ
The Nurse
Practitioner
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(10), 10–17.
https://doi
org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.1097/01.NPR.0000580764.364
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PRIMARY CARE OF WOMEN AND BEST PRACTICES
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