LAB 12 COASTS (1)
docx
School
CUNY College of Staten Island *
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Course
112
Subject
Geography
Date
Jan 9, 2024
Type
docx
Pages
4
Uploaded by MinisterGazelle3968
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Lab 12 Coasts
Required materials
Pencil
Ruler
Colored pencils
Topographic maps of “Arthur Kill” and “The Narrows”
Pre-lab reading and quiz
Read Chapter 13 of your textbook, and review your lecture notes on coasts and
hurricanes.
Define the following terms:
Longshore drift
Passive continental margin
Beach
Explain spring tides and neap tides.
How do we attempt to stabilize coasts and protect them from storms and rising sea level?
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In-class lab exercises
Use one map to review the following (the answers are the same for both)
What is the scale of the map, expressed as a ratio?
How many inches represent one mile?
How many feet are represented by one inch?
What is the contour interval of the map?
Looking at the shoreline between Great Kills Harbor and the Verrazano Bridge, mark all of
the groins on the shoreline in red.
Add this symbol to your key.
Draw an arrow indicating the direction of the longshore current.
Explain how the shape of the coastline and distribution of sand areas on your map are
formed by the interactions between the groins and longshore current.
On both maps, trace the 10 ft contour line in blue. This would be the location of the
coastline if there were a 10 ft rise in sea level (temporary or permanent).
Then indicate in green the location of the shoreline after a 20 ft rise in sea level. Add these
features to your key.
Which rock types are associated with the low elevation areas that are more susceptible to
flooding?
Which rock types are associated with the high elevation areas that have little or no risk of
flooding?
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Download the Hurricane Brochure for NYC from Blackboard. The last page of this brochure
shows evacuation zones (before Sandy). Compare the evacuation zones for Staten Island
with your contour map. Explain how the city chose these areas for evacuation and why
some evacuation zones are much further inland than others.
Download the FEMA damages poster from Blackboard. Examine your contour map and also
the distribution of built-up areas on the topographic map. Explain the distribution of
damaged and destroyed buildings after Hurricane Sandy.
Since Superstorm Sandy, the evacuation zones have been updated. Download the
evacuation zones after Sandy from Blackboard or visit the link
http://maps.nyc.gov/hurricane to see a map of the new zones
https://gothamist.com/news/map-nyc-has-new-hurricane-evacuation-zones/
How have the zones on Staten Island changed?
What information (in addition to elevation) was considered when making these changes?
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Lab Report
Use your answers and maps from today’s lab to write your report, describing the influence
on the coast of Staten Island of:
a hurricane causing a 20’ storm surge, and sea level rise due to global warming.
Sea level rise is predicted to be up to 2.5 feet by 2080. If the West Antarctic ice sheet melts, sea
level would rise by 16.5 feet and it would rise by a further 20 feet if the Greenland ice sheet
melts (both would probably take a few centuries). Melting all the ice sheets in the world may
take up to a thousand years, but would raise sea level by over 200 feet!
Title
- brief, but descriptive.
Introduction
- Briefly introduce coastlines, storm surge and sea level rise. What is the
purpose of the lab exercise?
Method
- How did you create your map and how did you use it to predict the
consequences of storm surge and sea level rise? What other information did
you access to complete the lab?
Results
- Based on your map, what would happen to the shoreline of Staten Island?
Describe the differences from place to place and also the differences between
storm surge and sea level rise.
Discussion
- Why are these differences there? How can we use this information to
mitigate the effects of future storms?
Conclusions
- Brief summary of your findings.